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Weathering and Soil Formation
Chapter 7 Key Terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
Weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface
Term
Erosion
Definition
The movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity
Term
Mechanical (physical) Weathering
Definition
The type of in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Term
Abraision
Definition
The grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
Ice wedging
Definition
When wedges of ice in rocks widen and depen cracks
Term
Chemical Weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Term
Permeable
Definition
A material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it.
Term
Soil
Definition
Loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Term
Bedrock
Definition
The solid layer of rock beneath the soil.
Term
Humus
Definition
The decayed organic material in soil
Term
Loam
Definition
Soil that is made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
Term
Soil Horizon
Definition
A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
Topsoil
Definition
A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals
Term
Subsoil
Definition
Clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus
Term
Litter
Definition
A loose layer from plants
Term
Decomposers
Definition
The organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
Sod
Definition
The thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil- kept the soil and held onto moisture
Term
Renewable Resource
Definition
One that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
An area where wind erosion cased severe loss of topsoil
Term
Soil Conservation
Definition
The management of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
Contour Plowing
Definition
The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope
Term
Conservation Plowing
Definition
Disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
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