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weathering and soil formation
chapter 7 key terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other substances at earth's surface.
Term
erosion
Definition
yhe movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or garvity.
Term
mechanical weathering
Definition
yhe type of weathering in wich rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion
Definition
rfers to the grinding away of rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
Term
ice wedging
Definition
wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks.
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the prcess that breaks down rock rock through chemical changes.
Term
permeable
Definition
means that a materal is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it.
Term
permeable
Definition
means that a materal is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it.
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, whethered material on Earth's surface in wich plants can grow.
Term
bedrock
Definition
the solid layer of rock beneath yhe soil.
Term
humus
Definition
a dark-colored substance that formes as plant and animal remains decay.
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals.
Term
subsoil
Definition
usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus.
Term
litter
Definition
as plants shed leaves, they form a loose layer.
Term
decomposers
Definition
are the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals.
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil-kept the soil in place and held onto moisture.
Term
renewable resource
Definition
one that is naturally replaced in arelativly short time.
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
shown .on the map in figure 12, was an area where wind erosion coused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930s.
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent its destruction.
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing fields along the curve of a slope
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