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Weathering and Soil Formation
Chapter 7 Key Terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
Weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface.
Term
Erosion
Definition
The movement of rock particles by wind water ice and gravity
Term
Mechanical Weathering
(physical)
Definition
The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
Term
Abrasion
Definition
The grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water ice wind or gravity.
Term
Ice Wedging
Definition
Wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks
Term
Chemical Weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
Permeable
Definition
A material is full of tiny connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Term
Soil
Definition
The loose weathered material on Earths surface in which plants can grow
Term
Bedrock
Definition
The solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
Humus
Definition
A dark colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay
Term
Loam
Definition
Soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay sand and silt
Term
Soil Horizon
Definition
A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
Topsoil
Definition
A crumbly dark brown soil hat is a mixture of humus clay and other minerals
Term
Subsoil
Definition
The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals
Term
Litter
Definition
The loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil
Term
Decomposer
Definition
An organism that breaks down large molecules and returns important materials to te enviroment
Term
Sod
Definition
A thick mass of grass roots and soil
Term
Renewable Resource
Definition
A resource that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
The area of the Great Plains where wind erosion caused soil loss during the 1930's
Term
Soil Conservation
Definition
The management of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
Contour Plowing
Definition
The process of plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss
Term
Conservation Plowing
Definition
Soil conservation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year's crops are left in the ground to hold the soil in place
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