Term
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Definition
| The process that breaks down rock and other substances at earths surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of rock particles by wind,water,ice or gravity. |
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Term
| Mechanical(Physical) weathering |
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Definition
| The type of weathering in which rock is phisically broken down into smaller pieces. |
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Term
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Definition
| The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by water,ice ,wind ,or gravity. |
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Definition
| The process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks , then freezes and expands. |
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Definition
| The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
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Definition
| Characteristic of materials such as sand and gravel that allow water to pass easily through them. |
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Definition
| The loose ,weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow. |
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Definition
| The solid layer of rock beneath the soil. |
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Definition
| The dark-colored substance that forms as a plant and animal remains decay. |
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Definition
| Soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay,sand, and silt. |
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Definition
| The layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it. |
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Definition
| A crumbly ,dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus,clay and other minerals. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon.but little humus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the loose layer of leaves that has been shed by plants. |
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Definition
| The organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with the chemicals. |
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Definition
| the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil. |
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Definition
| One that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930's. |
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Term
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Definition
| The management of soil to prevent its destruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of plowing feilds along the curves of a slope. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible. |
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Term
SECTION 1 REVIEW
What factors cause mechanical weathering? |
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Definition
| Cool climates is the most important force of physical weathering. |
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Term
| Describe three causes of chemical weathering. |
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Definition
| Oxygen, carbon dioxide,acid rain. |
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Term
| What factors affect the rate of weathering? |
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Definition
| Type of rock and climate. |
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Term
| Explain why chemical weathering occurs faster in hot,wet climates then in cool dry climates. |
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Definition
| The way the rock is made will affect the type of climate it weathers in. Such as Granite, granite is formed when molten lava cools so it weathers very slowley in cool but in hot it quikly crumbles. |
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Term
SECTION 2 REVIEW
What role does weathering play in the formation of soil? |
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Definition
| Soil is formed as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials found on earths surface. |
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Term
| what are the different materials that make up soil? |
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Definition
| Rock particles, minerals, decayed organisms material,air ,and water. |
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Term
| How do plants and animals affect the formation and composition of soil? |
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Definition
| Plants grow and spread their roots mixing the soil around and animals burrow and crawl around in soil which moves it around also.This creates air holes for air and water. |
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Term
| How do forest soils differ from prairie soil? |
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Definition
| Forest soils form in wet cool climates and prairie soil forms in dry cool climates.Forest is thin and not full of humus and prairie is thick and full of humus. |
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Term
SECTION 3 REVIEW
Explain the importance of soil as one of earths resources. |
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Definition
| Soil is one of the earths most valuable resources because everything that lives on land depends directly or indirectly on soil. |
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Term
| How did settlers on the great plains help create the dust bowl? |
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Definition
| Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil.In times of drought, the topsoil quickly dried and turned to dust and blew away. |
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Term
| What are some techniques that farmers use to conserve soil? |
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Definition
| Contour plowing and conservation plowing. |
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