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Weathering and Soil Formation
Chap:7
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surfaces
Term
mechanical weathering/physical
Definition
the type of weatherng in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Term
erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particles by wind,water,ice, or gravity
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Term
soil
Definition
loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials
Term
subsoil
Definition
usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon , but little humus
Term
litter
Definition
when plant shed leaves they from a loose layer called what
Term
decomposers
Definition
organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces adn digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil
Term
renewable resource
Definition
one that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930's
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disturbs the soil and is plant cover as little as possible
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