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weathering and soil
chapter 7 key terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at earths surface.
Term
erosion
Definition
is the movement of rock paticles by wind, water, ice or gravity
Term
physical-mechanical weathering
Definition
the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion
Definition
refers to the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water ice wind or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
when the ice melts the water seeps deeper into the cracks
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
is the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
means that a material is full of tiny connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Term
soil
Definition
is the loose weathered material on earths surface in wich plants can grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
is the solid layer of rock beneth the soil
Term
humus
Definition
is a dark colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay sand and silt
Term
soil horizon
Definition
is a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus clay and other minerals
Term
subsoil
Definition
usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the a horizon but little humus
Term
decomposers
Definition
are the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil
Term
renewable resource
Definition
is one that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Term
dust bowl
Definition
was an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930's
Term
soil conservation
Definition
is the managemnt of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
contour plowing
Definition
is the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
Term
litter
Definition
as plants shed leaves they form a loose layer
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