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Weather and soil Formation
Chapter 7 Key Terms
29
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
Weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rocks and other substances at Earth's surface
Term
Erosion
Definition
The movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Term
Mechanical Weathering/ physical weathering
Definition
The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
Term
Abrasion
Definition
The grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
Term
Ice Wedging
Definition
Wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks.
Term
Chemical Weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Term
Permeable
Definition
A material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces in the rock, it removes dissloved material formed by weathering...and allows water to seep through it
Term
Soil
Definition
the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Term
Bedrock
Definition
The solid layer of rock beneath the soil.
Term
Humus
Definition
A dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remain decay.
Term
Loam
Definition
Soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
Term
Soil Horizon
Definition
A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
Top Soil
Definition
A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other minerals
Term
Sub Soil
Definition
The layer that usually consist of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus
Term
Litter
Definition
as plants shed leaves, they form a loose layer called litter
Term
Decomposers
Definition
Organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
Renewable Resource
Definition
One that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time.
Term
Soil Conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
Contour Plowing
Definition
The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope.
Term
Conservation Plowing
Definition
Disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
Term
Sod
Definition
The thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
The area of the great plains where wind eriosion caused soil loss during the 1930's
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