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Waves, sound & light
properties of waves, sound and light
44
Physics
11th Grade
03/13/2014

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Term
What types of waves require a medium?
Definition
mechanical
Term
Define transverse wave & give a real world example.
Definition
a wave that vibrates perpendicular to the wave's motion
ex: seismic waves
Term
Define longitudinal wave & give a real world example.
Definition
a wave that has a disturbance that is parallel to the wave's motion
ex: sound
Term
Define frequency
Definition
how many wave cycles pass a given point in a certain amount of time (usually one second)
Term
Define wavelength
Definition
distance between 2 consecutive points on a wave
Term
Define amplitude
Definition
distance from equilibrium
Term
How are frequency and wavelength related?
Definition
as wavelength increases, frequency decreases
Term
How are frequency and period related?
Definition
as frequency increases, period decreases
Term
Define period
Definition
the time it takes for one wave cycle to occur
Term
How are period and wavelength related?
Definition
as period increases, wavelength increases
Term
What factors affect the speed of a wave.
Definition
medium properties
Term
What factors affect the period of a pendulum?
Definition
acceleration due to gravity and length of the string
Term
Describe (and draw) what happens when 2 waves meet with constructive interference.
Definition
the amplitude of the resultant wave is greater
Term
Describe (and draw) what happens when 2 waves meet with destructive interference.
Definition
the amplitude of the resultant wave is smaller
Term
Which harmonics are possible when a string vibrates?
Definition
all harmonics
Term
Which harmonics are possible when air vibrates in an open column?
Definition
all harmonics
Term
Which harmonics are possible when air vibrates in a closed column?
Definition
only the odds
Term
A clock pendulum with a mass of 0.52 kg and a length of 62 cm, has a period of 0.95 s. How much longer would it have to be to have a period of 1 s?
Definition
2.4 cm longer
Term
When an orchestra is tuning up, the first violinist plays a note at 256 Hz. What is the wavelength of that sound wave if the speed of sound in the hall is 340 m/s? What is the period?
Definition
1.3 m
0.00391 s
Term
Geo is standing on a breakwater and he notices that one wave goes by every 4.2 s. The distance between crests is 12.3 m. What is the frequency and speed?
Definition
0.24 Hz
2.9 m/s
Term
A sub is traveling toward a stationary detector. If the sub emits a 260 Hz sound that is received by the detector as a 262 Hz sound, how fast is the sub traveling. Use 1533 m/s for the speed of sound in water.
Definition
12 m/s
Term
A 350 Hz tuning fork is held over the end of a pipe that is inserted into water. What is the spacing between the resonance lengths of the pipe if the speed of sound is 348 m/s?
Definition
0.50 m
Term
The lowest note on an organ is 16.4 Hz. What is the shortest open organ pipe that will resonate at this frequency? What is the pitch if the same organ pipe is closed?
Definition
10.5 m
8.2 Hz
(answers may be rounded)
Term
A fire truck is moving at 35 m/s, and a car in front of the truck is moving in the same direction at 15 m/s. If a 327 Hz siren blares from the truck, what frequency is heard by the driver of the car?
Definition
350 Hz (answer rounded)
Term
Water waves in a lake travel 3.4 m in 1.8 s. The period of oscillation is 1.1 s. What is the speed of the water waves? What is their wavelength?
Definition
1.9 m/a
2.1 m
Term
How long must a pendulum be to have a period of 2.3 s on the Moon, where acceleration due to gravity is 1.6 m/s/s?
Definition
0.21 m
Term
A sound wave of wavelength 0.6 m and a velocity of 330 m/s is produced for 0.5 s. What is the frequency?
Definition
550 Hz (answer may be rounded)
Term
The speed of sound in water is 1498 m/s. A sonar signal is sent straight down from a ship at a point just below the water surface, and 1.8 s later the reflected signal is detected. How deep is the water?
Definition
1350 m
Term
How are pitch and frequency related?
Definition
as frequency goes up, pitch goes up
Term
How are amplitude and loudness related?
Definition
as amplitude increases, loudness increases
Term
What is the Doppler Effect?
Definition
the change in frequency of a sound caused by a moving source, a moving detector or both
Term
As a moving sound is coming toward you, how does the detected pitch differ?
Definition
the detected pitch is higher than the actual pitch because the wavelengths are shorter (bunched together) & frequency is higher
Term
As moving sound moves away from you, how does the detected pitch differ?
Definition
the detected pitch is lower than the actual pitch because the wavelengths are longer(spread out) & frequency is lower
Term
Does light require a medium?
Definition
no
Term
What are the 3 primary colors of light?
Definition
red, blue, green
Term
What are the 3 secondary colors of light? How are secondary colors created?
Definition
yellow, magenta, cyan
created by mixing 2 primary colors
Term
What 2 colors of light combine to form yellow?
Definition
red & green
Term
What 2 colors of light combine to form magenta?
Definition
red & blue
Term
What 2 colors of light combine to form cyan?
Definition
green & blue
Term
Define complimentary colors? What are the complimentary colors of light?
Definition
2 colors that combine to make white light
yellow & blue, cyan & red, magenta & green
Term
What are the primary pigment colors?
Definition
yellow, cyan, magenta
Term
How do polarization lenses work?
Definition
they only allow a single plane of light through
Term
How can the Doppler Effect be related to light?
Definition
red shift: wavelengths are spread out, frequency is lower, red light is detected
blue shift: wavelengths are bunched together and shorter, frequency is higher, blue color is detected
Term
How can the Doppler Effect be used as proof of the big bang theory?
Definition
star that emit light are giving off red light, means they are moving away from us, frequency is lower because wavelengths are longer
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