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waves and sound
Kamm Phys 1114
18
Physics
Undergraduate 1
05/10/2009

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Cards

Term
Period
Definition
the time it takes for one complete oscillation in seconds
Term
frequency
Definition
the number of oscillations in unit time in hertz
Term
define and give an example of a transverse wave
Definition
a wave whose vibration direction is perpendicular to the wave direction; microwave
Term
define and give an example of a longitudinal wave
Definition
a wave whose vibration direction is parallel to the wave direction; sound waves in air
Term
Give the perceptual variable which corresponds to frequency
Definition
pitch
Term
Give the perceptual variable which corresponds to intensity
Definition
loudness
Term
Give the perceptual variable which corresponds to harmonics
Definition
timbre
Term
give the range for human hearing
Definition
20 hz-20,000 hz
Term
Io=
Definition
Io= 1E-12 W/m2
Term
Define resonance
Definition
All vibrational systems have a natural frequency of oscillation. Energy is added using a "driver". When the frequency of the driver matches the natural frequency, an increase in vibration amplitude occurs.
Term
Describe one medical diagnostic technique which uses ultrasound.
Definition

Pulse-doppler: High frequency sound wave pulses are directed into the body at moving fluids (blood). The frequency shift of the reflected pulses is used to calculate flow velocity.

Frequency: 1-20 MHz

Maximum Intensity: 15.7 W/cm2

Pulse length: 0.3-10 microseconds

Term
Describe one medical treatment technique which uses ultrasound
Definition

Physiotherapy: High frequency sound waves are directed into the body where they are absorbed and converted into thermal energy. The increase in tissue temperature reduces pain, accelerates healing, and reduces swelling.

Frequency: 0.5-3Mhz

Maximum Intensity: 2.5 W/cm2

Pulse length: 2-8 milliseconds

Term
Give the formula for the doppler effect
Definition
F=F'(v)/(v(+/-)s)
Term
Give the formula for loudness in decibals
Definition
Loudness=(10)log I/1E-12
Term
Equation for the period of a spring mass oscillation
Definition
T=(2)(Pi)(square root of mass over K)
or T=2Pi(square root of x/g)
(K=F/X) (F=mg)
Term
Equation for the period of a pendulum
Definition
T=2Pi(Square root L/G)
Term
equation for speed of sound
Definition
V=lambda*frequency lambda= wavelength in meters
Term
State the superposition principal
Definition
When two or more waves meet in time and space, the result is the simple sum of the individual dispacements.
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