l x f

d/t

f _new = f _old (v +/- v_o)

                   (v +/- v_s)

"v" can equal sound (330) or light (3 x 10⁸)

l = dsin q

    n

l = xd

      nL

λ = W sinq

   n

λ = Wy

      nL

I = P

     A

laws of strings

length

diameter

density

tension

frequency indirectly proportional to

length, diameter, density ^1/2

f₁ l₁ = f₂ l₂

f₁ d₁ = f₂ d₂

f₁√D₁ = f₂ √D₂

frequency directly proportion to tension ^1/2

f₁ √T₂ = f₂ √T₁

Surface area of a sphere

4pr²

wavelength in tubes

open

closed

 open tube      l = 2l

closed tube     l = 4l

l = lenght of tube

harmonics

nodes

antinodes

wavelength

frequency

velocity

nodes destructive interference = n + 1

antinodes constructive interference = n

l = 2/n (l)

f = n x f_o

velocity is a constant = 2lf_o

n = # of harmonic     l = length of string

C/2 or R/2

C = center of curvature

R = radius

1  =  1  +  1

  f       d_o     d_i 

h_i  =  d_i

h_o      d_o

wavelength

(SU)

l

meters

m

Frequency

(SU)

f

Hertz

HZ(cycle/sec)

Velocity

(SU)

v

meter/second

m/s

Index of Refraction

(SU)

n

dimensionless

Distance

(SU)

d

Meters

m

Time

(SU)

t

seconds

s

Oberver

(SU)

Source

(SU)

Length

(SU)

l

meters

m

Density

(SU)

D

grams/centimeter³

g/cc

Diameter

(SU)

d

meters

m

Tension

(SU)

T

Newtons

N

Intensity

(SU)

I

bels

Relative Intensity

(SU)

b

decibels

db

Power

(SU)

P

watts

Area (4pr²)

(SU)

A

meter²

m²

Object

(SU)

Image

(SU)

Focus

(SU)

f

meter

m

Height

(SU)

h

meter

m

Distance

(SU)

d

meter

m