Term
| in a day we ingest how much fluid and NaCl? |
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Definition
| 2 liters of fluid6-15 grams of NaCl |
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Term
| water and Na+ are associated with? |
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Definition
| ECF volume and osmolarity |
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Term
| ECF osmolarity decreases? increases? |
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Definition
water in cell (swell)
Water out cell (shrink) |
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Term
| low blood pressure stimulates... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| sympathetic pathways from the cardiovascular system affects... |
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Definition
| cardiac output, vasoconstriction, glomerular filtration and kidneys hormone release |
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Term
| most water loss in the body is from? |
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Definition
urine 1.5 liters
feces 100ml |
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Term
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Definition
| not aware of, across skin surface and through exhalation of humidified air (900ml) |
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Term
| response to decreased blood pressure.. |
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Definition
| volume receptors in atria and carotid and aortic baroreceptors cause kidneys to conserve water, behavior: increase thirst which increase ICF and ECF, and increase cardiac output (vasoconstriction)this all increases the blood pressure! |
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Term
| response to increased blood pressure |
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Definition
| volume receptors in atria, endocrine cells in atria, and carotid and aortic baroreceptors trigger kidneys to excrete salts and water in urine which decreases ICF and ECF volume, and cardiovascular system decreases cardiac output and cause vasodilation |
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Term
| kidneys cannot restore lost volume |
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Definition
|
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Term
| concentration or osmolarity of urine is a measure of |
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Definition
| how much water is excreted by the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of excess water in urine (drugs that promote=diuretics) |
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Term
| If the kidneys need to conserve water |
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Definition
| urine becomes quite concentrated |
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Term
| how is water reabsorbed in the kidneys |
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Definition
| osmosis through water pores |
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Term
| renal medulla maintains high osmotic concentration in its cell and interstitial fluid this allows |
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Definition
| urine to become concentrated as it flows through the collecting duct |
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Term
| fluid passing through the descending limb of loop loses water to the |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| cause body to retain water (water pores) also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Term
| the collecting duct is impermeable to water without.. |
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Definition
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Term
| water pores (aquaporins)= 10 isoforms, AQP2 in a collecting duct call may be found in what 2 places? |
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Definition
1) on the apical membrane facing the tubule lumen
2) in the membrane of cytoplasmic storage vesicles |
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Term
| what happens when vasopressin binds to membrane receptor |
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Definition
| receptor activates cAMP second messenger system, cell inserts AQP2 water pores into apical membrane, water is then absorbed by osmosis |
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Term
| stimuli that control vasopressin release? |
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Definition
| increase in plasmas osmolarity, blood volume/pressure |
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Term
| primary osmoreceptor for vasopressin release are in the |
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Definition
| hypothalamus (plasma osmolarity abive 280,stimulate vasopressin) |
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Term
| in the night during sleep |
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Definition
| vasopressin increases and first pee in the am is more concentrated |
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Term
| solutes concentrate in the interstitium, this is aided by |
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Definition
| active transport of solutes out of the ascending limb of the loop of henle, which makes the ECF osmolarity even greater |
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Term
countercurrent exchange system
countercurrent multiplier |
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Definition
| aterial and venous blood systems pass closely to one another (fluid move opposite) when this exchange is enhanced by active transport of solutes is called multiplier |
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Term
| renal countercurrent multipliers two components? |
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Definition
1) loop of Henle that leaves the cortex
2) peritublar capillaries (vasta recta) |
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Term
| blood flow in vasa recta moves in the opposite direction from |
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Definition
| filtrate flow in the loop on Henle |
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Term
| you would have to add ____ liters of water for ___ liter of ECF volume to compensate for _________ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| addition of NaCl to the body raises |
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Definition
| osmolarity (vasopressin: conserve water and concentrate urine; thirst) |
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Term
| aldosterone and decrease blood pressure |
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Definition
| aldosterone combines with cytoplasmic receptor, make new protein channels and pumps (P cells in collecting duct), increased Na+ reabsorption and K+ secreation |
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