• Hydrogen bond exists as a liquid
• Liquid water changes temperature very slowly
• It takes a lot of heat to be evaporated
• It can dissolve a variety of compounds
• The strong attractive forces of it's molecules causes its surface to contract
• It expands when it freezes

100 degrees Celsius

212 degrees Fahrenheit

0 degrees Celsius

32 degrees Fahrenheit

• overloading water with slowly degradable and non-degaradable wastes.
• withdraw it from underground supplies faster than it is replenished

• Dry climate
• Drought
• Desiccation
• Water Stress

• drying of the soil
• deforestation & overgazing of livestocks

• Build dams and Reservoirs to store runoff
• Bring in surface water from another area
• withdrawal of groundwater convert salt water to fresh water
• improve the efficiency of water use

removal of dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish water

(another way to increase freshwater supplies)

• Distillation
• Reverse Osmosis

• uses vast amounts of electricity
• produces large quantities of brine containing high levels of salt and other minerals

When you dump concentrated brine into the ocean....

(what will happen?)

When you dump concentrated brine on land....

(what will happen?)

• This method is done woth tiny particles of chemicals (silver iodide)
• the particles from water condensation nuclei produces more rain over dry regions and more snow over mountains
• not useful in dry areas

• 65-70% of water people use throughout the world is waste through evaporation, leaks and other processes
• 25% thereby meeting moest of the world's water needs for the forseeable future.

Natural flooding by streams

(CAUSE:)

-->Heavy Rain or Rapid Snow 

this causes water in the stream to overflow its normal chemical & to cover the adjacent called flood plain

Flood plain

(USES)

-->includes highly productive wetlands

*provides natural flood and erosion control

*help maintain high water quality

*contributes to the recharging of groundwater

disease causing agents/pathogens

oxygen-demanding wastes

water-soluble inorganic chemicals

inorganic plant nutrients

organic chemicals

sediment or suspended matter

Water-soluble radioactive isotopes

heat

genetic pollution

• makes water unfit to drink
• harms fish and aquatic life
• lower crop yields
• accelerate corrosion of metals exposed to such water

• depletes water of dissolved oxygen and kills fish
• drinking water with excessive levels of nitrates lowers the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
• kills children and infants

• threatens human life
• harms life and other aquatic life

-->biggest class of water pollutants

insoluble particles of soil and other solids that become suspended in water mostly when soil is eroded from the land

• clouds water and reduces photosynthesis
• disrupts aquatic food webs
• carries pesticides, bacteria & other harmful substances
• settles out & destroy feeding & spawning of fish
• clogs fish lakes, artificial reservoirs, stream channels

 Heat

• absorbed by water used to cool industrial & power plants
• can lower water quality

occurs when aquatic systems are disrupted by the deliberate introduction of non-native species

a process where near urban or agricultural areas, human activities can greatly accelerate the input of nutrients to a lake

Republic Act No. 9275

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Gooey mixture of toxic chemicals,

infectious agents, and settled solids

removed from wastewater at a sewage

treatment plant.

• A biological process in which aerobic bacteria are used to remove up to 90% of biodegradable, oxygen-demanding organic wastes
• This usually involves bringing sewage and bacteria together in trickling filters or in the activated sludge process. 

Organic materials that are usually

biodegraded by aerobic (oxygenconsuming)

bacteria if there is enough

dissolved oxygen in the water. 

Specialized chemical and physical

processes that reduce the amount of

specific pollutants left in wastewater

after primary and secondary sewage

treatment. This type of treatment

usually is expensive.

• Create artificial wetland
• Set-up greenhouse lagoon & use natural food chains
• Use waste water to grow forests

decomposition is speeded up by sunlight scanning into the greenhouse

(John Todd)

can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while the trees are growing & thus help slow projected global warming

(El Burton)

An area characterized by a high

content of soil moisture, such as a

swamp or bog.

• Depletion or degradation of a shared resource
• Population growth
• Unequal distribution