Shared Flashcard Set

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Water/Air Pollution, Climate Change, Economics, Politics
Weeks 11-15 - Dr. Mintzes NSCI 343
21
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 3
12/19/2012

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Point sources of pollution (water)
Definition
Comes from factories, sewage treatment plants, underground mines, and oil tankers
Term
Non-point sources of pollution (water)
Definition
Comes from runoff of chemicals and sediments from cropland, livestock feedlots, logged forests, urban streets, parking lots, lawns, and golf courses.
Term
cultural eutrophication
Definition
Over-nourishment of aquatic ecosystems with plant nutrients (mostly nitrates and phosphates) because of human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and discharges from industrial plants and sewage treatment plants.
Term
cultural eutrophication (causes)
Definition
It is caused mostly by runoff of plant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates from surrounding land because of human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and discharges from industrial plants and sewage treatment plants.
Term
cultural eutrophication (effects)
Definition
- excessive growth in aquatic plants.
- reduced lake productivity and fish growth
- decreasing the input of solar energy
- depleted dissolved oxygen (influx of bacteria) killing fish
- possible anaerobic bacterial takeover
- production of gaseous products like hydrogen sulfide and methane.
Term
groundwater contamination (sources)
Definition
accidental spills, hazardous waste injection well, leakage from faulty casing, cesspool, septic tank, pesticides and fertilizers, pumping well, coal strip mine runoff, waste lagoon seepage, landfills, buried gasoline and solvent tanks.
Term
surface-water contamination (sources)
Definition
soil erosion, fertilizers, nutrient overload, pesticides.
Term
coastal water contamination (sources)
Definition
Industry, cities, urban sprawl, construction sites, farms, red tides, toxic sediments.
Term
ocean oil pollution (sources)
Definition
Oil, raw sewage, toxic chemicals, nitrogen, heavy metals, fertilizers
Term
dealing with water pollution
Definition
1. Prevention - reduce input of toxins, ban waste dumping; regulate coastal development,oil drilling, and oil shipping.
2. Cleanup - improve cleanup capabilities with new technologies, add secondary treatment (especially to sewage)
Term
Atmospheric layers
Definition
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
Term
Troposphere - why is it important?
Definition
Has most of the planet's air, plays a major role in weather and climate
Term
Stratosphere - why is it important?
Definition
It absorbs UV radiation from the sun, protecting life on Earth
Term
Types of outdoor pollution
Definition
carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and nitric acid, sulfur dioxide sulfuric acid, particulates, ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Term
Sources of outdoor pollution
Definition
Natural cycles (carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle), natural sources (dust, wind, fire, sea salt, animals), human activities (burning fossil fuels, coal power, tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust/engines, deforestation)
Term
Greenhouse effect
Definition
natural effect that releases heat into the atmosphere near the Earth's surface
Term
Acid deposition
Definition
Acid rain
Term
Acid deposition (causes)
Definition
suspended particles and nitrogen oxides from industrial pollution are transferred by wind throughout the atmosphere and released to fall to Earth through rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor.
Term
Acid deposition (effects)
Definition
damages statues and buildings, respiratory disease, water pollution by toxic metals; harms aquatic ecosystems, crops, and forests.
Term
Greenhouse effect (causes)
Definition
CO2 emissions (power plants and gasoline), methane emissions (animals, agriculture, and the sea), deforestation (tropical forests, pulp, and farmland), use of chemical fertilizers
Term
Greenhouse effect (effects)
Definition
Rise in sea levels, killer storms, crop failures, extinction of species, loss of coral reefs
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