4. If two aircraft are flying with the same horsepower but at different altitudes, why does the aircraft

flying at a higher altitude fly faster than the aircraft flying at a lower altitude?

1. What is the term for the curve of the surface of an airfoil from the leading edge to the trailing

edge?

3. Which fuselage design does not use formers, frame assemblies, or bulkheads to give shape to the

fuselage?

8. What component controls airflow around the weapons to reduce turbulence in the bay on some

bomber aircraft?

10. Most transparent structures on an aircraft, such as canopies, windshields, and windows, are made

of what two materials?

5. Which type of stabilator has both sides connected together so that when one side moves the other

side must move in the same direction and amount?

8. If the leading edge operates in conjunction with the trailing edge flaps, then you have leading-edge flaps. If

they operate independently of the flaps, they are called slats.

9. What is the purpose of speed brakes?

11. Which type of flight control system reduces the need for long cables, turnbuckles, quick

disconnects, push-pull rods, and the associated flight control hardware?

8. What factors affect the amount of resistance in a conductor?

12. If CSD output rotation drives the generator below 365 Hz, what component removes the

generator from the bus?

13. If the CSD temperature rises to an overheat condition, what should be done to prevent further

damage?

15. Voltage regulation, frequency and load control, real and reactive load division, over/underexcitation

protection, over/underfrequency protection, open phase protection, reverse power protection, differential

current protection, engine underspeed protection, generator circuit breaker and bus tie breaker control, nobreak

power transfer, and generator disconnect control.

17. How does the frequency and load controller for each generator system regulate the frequency of

the generator CSD?

11. Match the definitions and units of measurement in column A to their terms in column B. Items

may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Column A Column B

____(1) A measure of quantity. 

____(2) The amount of force acting on a unit of area. .

____(3) A substance that is a liquid or a gas. 

____(4) The amount of distance an object moves. 

____(5) The measurement of a surface. 

____(6) The amount of push or pull exerted on an object. 

____(7) The movement of a fluid caused by pressure difference. 

____(8) Expressed in inches.

____(9) Expressed in pounds.

____(10) Expressed in psi.

____(11) Expressed in square inches.

____(12) Expressed in cubic inches.

a. Area.

b. Force

c. Pressure.

d. Fluid.

e. Volume.

f. Stroke.

g. Flow.

11. (1) e.

(2) c.

(3) d.

(4) f.

(5) a.

(6) b.

(7) g.

(8) f.

(9) b.

(10) c.

(11) a.

(12) e.

12. When a fluid is confined and force is applied, this force (pressure) is transmitted equally to all points in the

system

14. If the pressure on a confined gas varies, its volume will vary inversely in the same proportion as long as the

temperature does not change.

15. Heating a confined gas will cause an expansion (volume increase) in direct proportion to its temperature

change, thus causing the piston to move.

Using the formula “(F)orce = (P)ressure x (A)rea,” solve the following problems:

1. Find P: Area = 4 square inches.

Force = 100 pounds.

Pressure = ____ psi.

2. Find F: Area = 10 square inches.

Force = ____ pounds.

Pressure = 100 psi.

3. Find A: Area = ____ square inches.

Force = 200 pounds.

Pressure = 400 psi.

4. Find P: Area = 6 square inches.

Force = 150 pounds.

Pressure = ____ psi.

5. Find F: Area = 4 square inches.

Force = ____ pounds.

Pressure = 300 psi.

6. Find A: Area = ____ square inches.

Force = 500 pounds.

Pressure = 50 psi.

7. Find F: F =____ pounds.

P = 500 psi.

A = 4 square inches

8. Find F: F = ____ pounds.

P = 500 psi.

A = 6 square inches.

9. Find A: F = 3000 pounds.

P = 300 psi.

A = ____ square inches.

10. Find P: F = 500 pounds.

P = ____ psi.

A = 5 square inches.

11. Find F: F = ____ pounds.

P = 100 psi.

A = 3 square inches.

12. Find A: F = 600 pounds.

P = 100 psi.

A = ____ square inches.

Using the formula “(V)olume = (A)rea  (L)ength,” solve the following problems:

13. Find L: Volume = 15 cubic inches.

Area = 5 square inches.

Length = ____ inches.

14. Find A: Volume = 70 cubic inches.

Area = ____ square inches.

Length = 10 inches

15. Find V: Volume = ___ cubic inches.

Area = 5 square inches.

Length = 1 inches.

16. Find L: Volume = 10 cubic inches.

Area = 2 square inches.

Length = ____ inches.

17. Find A: Volume = 12 cubic inches.

Area = ____ square inches.

Length = 4 inches.

18. Find V: Volume = ____ cubic inches.

Area = 4 square inches.

Length = 5 inches.

19. Find V: V = ____ cubic inches.

A = 2 square inches.

L = 5 inches.

20. Find L: V= 40 cubic inches.

A = 4 square inches.

L = ____ inches

21. Find A: V = 30 cubic inches.

A = ___ square inches.

L = 5 inches

22. Find A: V = 15 cubic inches.

A = ____ square inches.

L = 5 inches.

23. Find V: V = ____ cubic inches.

A = 10 square inches.

L = 5 inches.

24. Find L: V = 20 cubic inches.

A = 4 square inches.

L = ____ inches.

27. A 150-pound weight is placed on a 10-square-inch piston and is then lifted by a force applied to a

2-square-inch piston. What force is required on the small piston, and what is the mechanical

advantage?

28. A 20-pound force on a 3-square-inch piston can lift how much weight on a 12-square-inch

piston? What is the mechanical advantage?

29. What is the pressure (psi) on a surface 12 square inches in area and supporting a weight of 216

pounds?

32. An orifice will cause more turbulence and thus more energy loss than a venturi because it is not

streamlined.

34. There is a pressure drop at the narrow opening (throat) of a venturi as the rate of flow of the fluid increases

at this point. The pressure will increase again after passing through the throat.

1. Enough fluid to supply the normal operating needs of the system, along with an additional amount to

replace fluid lost through minor leakage.

7. To service or perform maintenance on an air-pressurized reservoir, what is the first thing you

must do?

8. It regulates the pressure to the reservoir, acts like a relief valve, and has a differential valve to allow

equalization of pressures between outside air and air inside the reservoir.

10. It can be used as an emergency source of pressure or as an auxiliary source of pressure for ground-checking

the operation of the system units.

13. If a third check valve is installed, what could be the problem if fluid is only sent into the system

on the extension stroke?

14. As long as the pump rotates, the fluid-flow it produces will eventually build up pressure high enough in the

confined area to burst the lines and container.

21. What is the main difference between a Vickers stroke-reduction pump and a constant-volume

pump?

1. To store a volume of fluid under pressure, provide space for thermal expansion, and act as a cushion against

pressure surges.

2. Match the type of actuator from column B to the actuator functions and characteristics in

associated to it column A. Column B items can be used more than once.

Column A

____(1) Commonly used on flight control systems

to ensure operation by connecting to two

separate hydraulic systems.

____(2) Used when more force is required to move

an object one way more than the other.

____(3) Used on landing gear.

____(4) Has piston rod that extends through both

ends of the cylinder.

____(5) Offers equal force in either direction.

____(6) Commonly used on cargo door systems.

____(7) Used on nose wheel steering.

____(8) Used to actuate brakes.

Column B

a. Single-acting

b. Double-acting unbalanced

c. Double-acting balanced

d. Tandem acting

2. (1) d.

(2) b.

(3) b.

(4) c.

(5) c.

(6) b.

(7) c.

(8) a.

5. To reduce damage to mechanisms by preventing the actuator from slamming into its end of travel with

great force.

11. Which type of check valve is used primarily in low-pressure systems, such as the air pressurized

reservoir system?

13. What is the purpose of the pressure regulator besides maintaining pressure within a

predetermined range?

14. What component is used in systems to limit the speed of movement of such items as wing flaps

and landing gear?

2. Which section of a basic hydraulic system contains all the lines and units starting with the pump

to the selector valve?

4. How much pressure is required to lift 2,300 pounds using an actuator with 2 square inches of

working area?

7. What is the disadvantage of a constant-volume pump hydraulic system, which has a relief valve

but does not have any components to relieve the pump’s workload?

11. What is the main purpose of the accumulator in the regulator or pressure switch controlled

system?

11. Prevent rapid loss of pressure due to fluid leaks in the return lines, which would cause continuous kick in

and kick out.

1. Provide tracking of the aircraft during turns and prevent oscillation or shimmy during landing, takeoff, and

taxiing.

1. How many seconds may the LG take for full retraction or extension from the time the control

lever is moved until the gear is retracted (or extended) and the wheel well doors are again closed?

2. What position must the landing gear control handle be in before emergency extension of the

landing gear?

5. On tab-type indicator systems, what is displayed when the gear is in transit or until the gear

reaches the full up or down and locked position?

10. A layer of rubber (or wire, fabric and rubber combination) on the outer circumference of a tire, which

serves as the wearing surface.

16. Remove the tire when wear reaches the bottom of any tread groove for a continuous length of 4 inches or

when wear exposes top fabric layer.