Term
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Definition
| a force for achieving desired outcomes that is prescribed by the formal hierarchy and reporting relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which parties in conflict directly engage one another and try to work out their differences. |
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Term
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Definition
| a source of power for a department that reduces uncertainty for other departments by obtaining prior information, prevention, and absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| constraining frames of reference and guidelines placed by top managers on decisions made at lower levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| one aspect of horizontal power: when one department is dependent on another, the latter is in a position of greater power. |
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Term
| Domains of Political Activity |
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Definition
| areas in which politics plays a role. Three domains in organizations are structural change, management succession, and resource allocation. |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that occurs between organizational groups when participants identify with one group and perceive that other groups may block their group's goal achievements or expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| a cooperative approach designed to increase worker participation and provide a cooperative model for union-management problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| the bargaining process that often occurs during confrontation and enables the parties to systematically reach a solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| top managers increase their power by locating themselves centrally in an organization and surrounding themselves with loyal subordinates. |
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Term
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Definition
| a trait of a department whose function cannot be performed by other readily available resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| activities to acquire, develop, and use power and other resources to obtain one's preferred outcome when there is uncertainty or disagreement about choices. |
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Term
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Definition
| a definition of an organization as being made up of groups that have separate interests, goals, and values in which power and influence are needed to reach decisions. |
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Term
| Political Tactics for Using Power |
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Definition
| these include building coalitions, expanding networks, controlling decision premises, enhancing legitimacy and expertise, and making a direct appeal. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of one person or department in an organization to influence others to bring about desired outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are five sources of horizontal power in organizations: dependency, financial resources, centrality nonsubstitutability, and the ability to cope with uncertainty. |
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Term
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Definition
| a description of an organization characterized by a rational approach to decision making, extensive and reliable information systems, central power, a norm of optimization, uniform values across groups, little conflict, and an efficiency orientation. |
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Term
| Sources of Intergroup Conflict |
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Definition
| factors that generate conflict, including goal incompatibility, differentiation, task interdependence, and limited resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| events and activities inside and outside an organization that are essential for attaining organizational goals. |
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Term
| Tactics for Enhancing Collaboration |
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Definition
| techniques such as integration devices, confrontation and negotiation, intergroup consultation, member rotation, and shared mission and superordinate goals that enable groups to overcome differences and work together. |
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Term
| Tactics for Increasing Power |
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Definition
| these include entering areas of high uncertainty, creating dependencies, providing resources, and satisfying strategic contingencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| rivalry between groups in the pursuit of a common prize. |
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Term
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Definition
| the negotiation of an agreement between management and workers. |
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Term
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Definition
| a trait or a department whose role is in the primary activity of an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| control over money is an important source of power within an organization. |
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