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Vocabulary
Chem. Exam 1
59
Chemistry
8th Grade
01/14/2010

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Term
Endothermic
Definition
a reaction in which energy is absorbed
Term
Exothermic
Definition
a reaction in which energy is released
Term
Evaporation
Definition
change of a substance from liquid to gas
Term
Halogens
Definition
highly active metals in group 17
Term
Alkali
Definition
highly active metals in group 1
Term
Alkaline Earth
Definition
highly active metals in group 2
Term
Hydronium Ions
Definition
the ion that makes a solution acidic
Term
Hydroxyl Ions
Definition
the ion that makes the solution basic
Term
Indicator
Definition
An organic compound that changes color in an acidic or basic solution
Term
Isotope
Definition
Atom of the same element that have different number of neutrons
Term
Kenectic Energy
Definition
energy of motion
Term
Law of Conservation of Energy
Definition
Energy can change form, but cannot be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions
Term
Law of Conservation of Mass
Definition
Matter is neither created or destroyed during a chemical change
Term
Mechanical Energy
Definition
the total amount of Kenectic and Mechanical Energy in a system
Term
Malleable
Definition
ability of metals to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
Term
Metalloids
Definition
elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals
Term
Mixture
Definition
A material made of elements or compounds stirred together but not chemically combined
Term
Neutron
Definition
atomic particle with no charge found in nucleus
Term
Nonmetals
Definition
Elements that are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature, most do not conduct heat or electricity.  They appear on the right of the periodic table
Term
Metals
Definition
Elements that are usually solids at room temperature; most conduct heat and electricity.  Most of the elements on the left of the stair step line of the periodic table are metals.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
positively charged center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
Term
Period
Definition
horizontal row on the periodic table
Term
Group/Family
Definition
Vertical sections on the periodic table, usually classified by the number of electrons in the outer shell
Term
Phenothalein
Definition
Vertical sections on the periodic table, usually classified by the number of electrons in the outer shell
Term
Dilute Solution
Definition
The amount of solute is much less than the maximum solvent can hold at that temperature
Term
Ductile
Definition
abilitlty of metals to be pulled into wire tubing
Term
Condensation
Definition
the change of a substance from gas to liquid
Term
Density
Definition
mass per unit volume of material
Term
Diatomic
Definition
a molecule composed of 2 atoms of the same element
Term
Electron
Definition
the negatively charged part of an atom found outside of a nucleus
Term
Gas
Definition
no definite shape or volume
Term
Solid
Definition
definite shape or volume
Term
LIquid no definite shape, definite volume
Definition
Term
Plasma
Definition
A gas like mixture of charged particles that exists at extremely high temperatures – examples are fluorescent lightning, stars
Term
Chemical property
Definition
characteristic used to descibe a substance such as flammable
Term
Chemical change
Definition
when a new substance is created by reactants
Term
Physical Change
Definition
when you change the size or shape still the orignal substance 
Term
Physical Property
Definition
Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substance/s that make up the material
Term
Subscript
Definition
like h2o the # of atoms in the element
Term
Coefficent
Definition
# of units of each system like 2Ag
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
metals lose their electrons nonmetals gain electrons
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
2 nonmetals share their electrons
Term
Formula
Definition
# and symbol of element
Term
Element
Definition
substance in which the elements and their ratio are given
Term
Compound
Definition
a substance chemically combioning 2 or more elements
Term
Acids
Definition
produce hydrogen ions has pH less than 7
Term
Bases
Definition
produces hydroxide ions  pH greater than 7
Term
Ion
Definition
positively or negatively charged particle
Term
Atomic #
Definition
# of prtons in the atom's nucleus
Term
Chemical Bond
Definition
the force that holds together an atom and a compound
Term
Symbol
Definition
the shorthand way 2 write an element
Term
Chemically Stable
Definition
Describes an atom whose outer energy level is completely filled with electrons
Term
Pickling
Definition
A process that removes impurities from the surface of steel and other metals by dipping them in HCl
Term
Products
Definition
in a chemical reaction the substance produced
Term
Reactants
Definition
the beganing substance of a chemical reaction
Term
Protons
Definition
the positively charged particle found in the nucleus
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
Stored Energy
Term
Sublimation
Definition
change of substance dirrectly solid to gas
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