Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest unit that can perform all life processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome that codes for a specific heredity trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in the characteristics of a population from on generation to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of organisms that are closely related and naturally mate to produce fertile offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The complete genetic material contained in an individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of obtaining information by using the senses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A theory of explanation that is based on observations and that can be tested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statement made in advance that expresses the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis is supported |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test fact, theory or general truth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In an experiment a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group ti which the control group is identical except for one factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The factor that is deliberately manipulated in an experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In an experiment, the variable that is changed or determined by manipulation by one or more factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties if that element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that cannot be separated or broken into simpler substances by chemical means |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An atom, radical or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force that holds molecules of a single material together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any organic compounds that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; including fats and steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organic compound, either DNA or RNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that states that all living things are made up of cells, that are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all the organelles except the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cytoplasm network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape and division |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell organelle composed of RNA and proteins; the site of protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or cell organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long, tail like structure that grows out of cell that enables cell to move |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; multiple chromosomes and mitotic cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A membrane bound organelle that contains the cells DNS and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The basic structure of a biological membrane composed of two layers of phospholipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of membranes that is found in a cells cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryote cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large cavity or sac that is found in plant cells or protozoans and that contains air or partially digested food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The state in which a chemical reaction and the reverse chemical reaction occur at the same rate such that the concentrations of reactants and products do not change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The diffusion of water or another solvent form a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through s membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describers a solution whose solute concentration is higher that the solute concentration inside a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pore in a cell membrane through which ions can pass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration with the aid of carrier proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring particles into the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An array of the chromosomes found in an individuals cells a metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of cell division that forms two new nuclei each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in cell division during which number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by tow divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The random distribution of the pairs of ge4nes on different chromosomes the gametes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by products an that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes the process that requires oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes the process that does not require oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The anaerobic breakdown of glucose pyruvate acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvate acid into carbon dioxide and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts or mold in the absence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A haploid reproductive cell that unities with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the two strands of a chromosome that becomes visible during meiosis or mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromsome's that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure and that pair during meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which male gametes form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The production, growth, and maturation of an ovum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All of the events in the growth and development of an organism until the organism reaches sexual maturity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that is produced by asexual reproduction and that is genetically identical to its parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA and synthesizes proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific heredity trait |
|
|
