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| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| a measure of the amount of matter in an object; a fundamental property of an object that is not affected by the forces that act on the object, such as the gravitational force |
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| a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
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| the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
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| in physical science, an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons |
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| a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom; the number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines the identity of an element |
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| a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom |
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element |
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| the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| a subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
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| a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
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| an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass) |
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| a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
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| the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together |
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| a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
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| a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties |
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| an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
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| the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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| the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
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| a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
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| a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
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| the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
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| the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
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| a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly |
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| a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
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| a chemical reaction in which a reactant loses one or more electrons such that the reactant becomes more positive in charge |
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