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| One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color. |
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| A reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant. |
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| A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene. |
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| The first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms. |
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| The second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms;the offspring of the F1 generation. |
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| The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one of more specific traits. |
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| The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. |
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| Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait. |
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| Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes. |
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| A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits. |
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| Two unlike individuals that begin a genetics experiment, or breeding program. |
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| An organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment. |
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| The likelihood that a possible future even will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event. |
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| A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross. |
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| A gene that affects an animal's appearance if it's present in the homozygous state. A heterozygous animal carrying a mutated, recessive gene looks normal. |
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| Mendel's first law; The separation of the members of a pair of chromosomes into different gametes through the process of meiosis. |
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| The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant. |
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| A genetically determined variant of a characteristic. |
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| Describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait. |
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