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VOCABULARY FOR ONLINE BIOLOGY
Set One: Due Friday, February 15
32
Biology
10th Grade
02/20/2013

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Term
Metabolism
Definition
Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.
Term
Response
Definition
A reaction, as that of an organism or a mechanism, to a specific stimulus.
Term
Stimulus
Definition
A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.
Term
Sexual reproduction
Definition
The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types.
Term
Asexual reproduction
Definition
The Reproduction without the fusion of gametes.
Term
Adaptation
Definition
An alteration or adjustment in structure or habits, often hereditary, by which a species or individual improves its condition in relationship to its environment.
Term
Fitness
Definition
The extent to which an organism is adapted to or able to produce offspring in a particular environment.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.
Term
Organization
Definition
The structure or arrangement of related or connected items.
Term
Growth
Definition
An increase in the size of an organism or part of an organism, usually as a result of an increase in the number of cells.
Term
Development
Definition
The process of developing or being developed.
Term
Metamorphosis
Definition
A change in shape or structure.
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.
Term
Binomial nomenclature
Definition
The system of nomenclature using two terms, the first one indicating the genus and the second the species.
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
A microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes.
Term
Dichotomous key
Definition
It is a modeling method used for categorizing species using logical choices
Term
Antibiotic resistance
Definition
Antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic
Term
Pathogen
Definition
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Term
Mutation
Definition
The changing of the structure of a gene.
Term
Limiting factor
Definition
s a factor that controls a process, such as organism growth or species population, size.
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
Term
Virus
Definition
An infection or disease caused by such an agent.
Term
Plasmid
Definition
Noun
A genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes.
Term
Passive immunity
Definition
The short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal.
Term
Active immunity
Definition
The immunity that results from the production of antibodies in response to an antigen.
Term
Antigen
Definition
A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies.
Term
Contractile vacuoles
Definition
A contractile vacuole (abbreviation: CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation.
Term
Cilia
Definition
A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure.
Term
Flagella
Definition
A slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc.
Term
Pseudopods
Definition
Temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion.
Term
Eyespots
Definition
A small, light-sensitive patch of pigment in certain algae and unicellular organisms.
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