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Vocabulary Chapters 15+16
Vocabulary for G-Money's Class
23
Biology
Not Applicable
01/11/2012

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Term
Evolution
Definition
change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
Term
Theory
Definition
Well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Term
Fossil
Definition
Preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism
Term
Artificial Selection
Definition
Selection by humans for inbreeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organism
Term
Struggle for existence
Definition
Competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life
Term
Fitness
Definition
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
Term
Adaptation
Definition
Inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival
Term
Survival of the Fittest
Definition
Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully also called natural selections
Term
Descent with modification
Definition
Principle that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time
Term
Common Descent
Definition
Principle that all living things were derived from common ancestors
Term
Homologous Structure
Definition
Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues
Term
Gene Pool
Definition
Combined genetic info of all the members of a particular population
Term
Relative Frequency
Definition
Number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur
Term
Polygenic Trait
Definition
Trait controlled by two or more genes
Term
Directional Selection
Definition
Form of natural selection in which the entire curve splits into two, occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle
Term
Genetic Drift
Definition
Random changes in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations
Term
Founder Effect
Definition
Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
Term
Hardy- Weinburg Principle
Definition
Principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change
Term
Genetic Equilibrium
Definition
Situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
Term
Speciation
Definition
Formation of new species
Term
Reproductive Isolation
Definition
Separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Term
Geographic Isolation
Definition
Form of reproductive isolation in which two population are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers mountains or stretches of water.
Term
Temporal Isolation
Definition
Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times.
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