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Vocabulary Chapter 3
American History
46
History
Not Applicable
10/26/2005

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Term
Oregon Country
Definition
disputed area in the Northwest jointly occupied by the US and Great Birtain
Term
Monroe Doctrine
Definition
US government policy statement in which the Americans were declared off limits to European Expansion
Term
American System
Definition
Henry Clay's federal program for enconomic development. It included a national bank, protective tariff, and a national transportation system.
Term
Market Revolution
Definition
Creation of profitable national markets durning the 1800's brought about by new transportation and regional specialization.
Term
Specie
Definition
Gold or silver coins that a bank held in order to back up its notes.
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
Shift from hand production to machine production which had begun in England in the 1700's
Term
Panic of 1819
Definition
Economic collapse caused in part by state banks lending money that they could not afford to back with specie
Term
Missouri Compromise
Definition
Act the maintained the balance of alave and free ststes in Congress by admitting Missouri as a slave stste and Maine as a free state, while prohibitiong the spread of slavery in territories north of the latitude 36.
Term
Doctrine of Nullification
Definition
Theory of the states' right to refuse to obey an act passed by Congress that they considered unconsitutional.
Term
Spoils System
Definition
Political practice intriduced by Andrew Jackson of giving government lobs to supporters.
Term
Indian Removal Act
Definition
Federal law that provided for the relocation of Indian nations living east of the Mississippi River ti Indian territory in present day Oklahoma
Term
Trailof Tears
Definition
Forced relocation of Cherokees from Georgia to Indian Territory during which many Indians died
Term
Second Seminole War
Definition
Resistance by the Seminoles to their removal from Florida. It cost more money and lives than any other Indian War inAmerican history
Term
Pet banks
Definition
Satate banks that received deposits of federal funds because of their officer's loyalty to the Democratic Oarty and President Andrew Jackson
Term
Middle Class
Definition
Soscial class that fills occupies the position between the wealthy and the poor
Term
Strike
Definition
Tacticc used by labor unions in which works refuse to work until employers meet union demands
Term
Nativism
Definition
Policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants
Term
Yeoman farmers
Definition
small farmers who own and cultivate their own land
Term
Cooton gin
Definition
Machine invited by Ei Whitney in 1793 to sperate seeds from cotton fiber
Term
overseers
Definition
People who supervise workers
Term
Drivers
Definition
Slave assisants who helped overseers supervise other slaves
Term
Underground Railroad
Definition
Network that helped slaves escape to the North or Canada before the Civil War
Term
Second Great Awakening
Definition
Renewal of religious faoth that swept through the united States begining in the 1970's
Term
Utopias
Definition
Communities that attempted to experiment with new ways of organizing family life, work,and property ownership in order to create an ideal society
Term
Rehabilitation
Definition
Treatment to restore someone to a useful and constructive place in society
Term
Temperance movement
Definition
Reform efforts to curb or limit alcohol consumption
Term
Prohibition
Definition
Legal ban on the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages
Term
American Anti Slavery Society
Definition
First national anti-slave organization devoted to immediate abolon
Term
Sense Falls Convention
Definition
First national anti-slave organzation devoted to immediate abolitionMeeting held in Seneca Falls, New York, that marked the birth of organized women's inthe Us.
Term
Suffrage
Definition
Right to vote
Term
Texas Revolution
Definition
Revolt against Mexico by Tejanos and American settlers in Texas after the loss of state power
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
Phrase coined to
Term
Mexican War
Definition
Conflict between Mexico and the Us brought about by the US annexation of Texas and its quest for more terriotry
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Definition
Agreement ending the Mexican War in 1848, which Mexico ceded Teaxs and the rest of its Western Territory
Term
Mexican Cession
Definition
Area surrendered by Mexico to the US in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo;included the present day states of Nevada, California, and Utah and parts of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Term
Gadsden Purchase
Definition
Agreement by which the US Acquired Mexico's terriory south of the Gila-River in present day Arizona and New Mexico for 10 million dollars
Term
Oregon Trail
Definition
Route to the Oregon during the 1800's
Term
Forty-niners
Definition
Nickname for the gold seekers who went to Calfornia, beginning in 1849. to seek their fortune
Term
Mariposa War
Definition
California raids by the Miwoks and the Yokuts to reclaim Native American lands taken over by the miners
Term
Popular sovereignty
Definition
Right of the people to rule, used an argument for letting cictizens of a new territory decide whether or not to allow them to permit slavery there
Term
Free-soil party
Definition
Political party formed by antislavery Whigs and Democrats in 1848, that opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories
Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition
Measures proposed by Henry Clay that temporarily settled differences between the North and South over slavery issues
Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition
Measures proposed by Henry Clay that temporarily settled differences between the North and South over slavery issues
Term
Fugitive Slave Act
Definition
Law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850 that made it a Federal crime to assist runaway slaves
Term
Kansas Nebraska Act
Definition
Federal law that established popular sovereignty in newly organized territories
Term
Dred Scott Decision
Definition
Supereme Court case in which the Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional and in which Scott a slave was declared nit ti be a citizen
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