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| Emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people. |
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| Jung's name for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past. |
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| Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. |
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| The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality. |
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| A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central way. |
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| The quality of seeming, on the surface, to fit a particular trait in question. |
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| Theoretical views stressing a person's capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities. |
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| A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. |
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| A personality assessment test that presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it—to project their own meaning onto the stimulus. |
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| Psychodynamic perspective: |
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| Theoretical views emphasizing that personality are primarily unconscious (beyond awareness). |
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| A famous projective test that uses an individual's perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality. |
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| The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive change. |
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| Social cognitive perspective |
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| The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive change. |
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| Thematic Apperception Test |
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| A projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality. |
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| Unconditional positive regard |
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| Rogers's construct referring to the individual's need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of his or her behavior. |
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