Term
| ATP adenosine triphosphate |
|
Definition
A compound that has three phosphate groups and is used by cells to store energy.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A response in which antibodies are produced to attack some of the body's own cells.
Chapter 6, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex.
Chapter 11, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An organism able to make and store food, using sunlight or another nonliving energy source.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A structure that extends out from a neuron and conducts impulses away from the cell body.
Chapter 1, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A type of lymphocyte that develops in the bone marrow and later produces antibodies.
Chapter 6, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The dry weight of organic matter that makes up a group of organisms in a particular habitat.
Chapter 9, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The outer portion of the earth-air, water, and soil-where life is found.
Chapter 15, Unit 6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The process of putting together or building up the large molecules characteristic of a particular type of cell or tissue.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Capble of walking erect on the hind limbs, freeing the hands for other uses.
Chapter 1, unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The fluid pressure created by heart contractions; allows blood to circulate.
Chapter 5, Unit 2: Chapter 6, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A solution of weak acids and bases that resists changes in it PH level when an acid or base is added to it.
Capter 5, Unit 2; Chapter 7, unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree C.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Malignancy arising from cells that are characterized by profound abnormalities in the plasma membrane and in the cytosol, and by abnormal growth and division.
Chapter 13, Unit 5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The chemical cycle in which carbon compounds made by some organisms (such as plants) are digested and decomposed by others. The carbon is released in small inorganic molecules that can be used again by more organisms to synthesize carbon compounds.
Chapter 9, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Incorporating atmospheric carbon into carbohydrates through photosynthesis.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources of a given area.
Chapter 15, Unit 6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An ordered sequence of events in the life of a dividing cell, composed of the M, G1, S, and G2 phases.
Capter 13, Unit 5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Immune response in which highy specialized lymphocytes circulate in the blood and lymphoid organs and attack and destory cells that carry specific surface antigens.
Chapter 6, unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The series of chemical reactions by which a living cell breaks down food molecules and obtains energy from them.
Chapter 6, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A nonliving covering around the plasma membrane of certain cells, as in plants, many algae, and some prokaryotes; in plants, the cell wall is constructed of cellulose and other materials.
Chapter4, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The attraction between two atoms that results from the sharing or transfer of outer electrons from one atom to another.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the green pigments of plants and many mircoorganisms; converts light energy (via changes involving electrons) to chemical energy that is used in biological reactions.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists; contains chlorphyll, which absorbs the light energy used to drive photosynthesis.
Chapter8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A long, threadlike group of genes found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; chromosomes consist of DNA and protein.
Chapter 11, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An organ system consisting of a muscular pump (heart), blood vessels, and blood itself; the means by which materials are transported to and from cells; in many animals, it also helps stabilize body temperature and PH.
Chapter 4, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The third largest grouping, after kingdom and phylum or division, in the biological classification system.
Chapter 3, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An organizing process that focuses on the characteristics that different living systems share by virtue of their common ancestry; this places the millions of different types of life into large categories of similar organisms.
Chapter 3, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An external reproductive organ of the female situated at the front of the vulva; it is homologous to the male penis.
Chapter 10, unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A population of identical cells or lineage of genetically identical individuals.
Chapter 10, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The basic unit of the genetic code; a squence of three adjacent nucleotides in DNA or mRNA.
Chapter 12, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All the organisms that inhabit a particular area.
Chapter 9, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Interaction between members of the same population or of two or more populations to obtain a mutually required resource in limited supply.
Chapter 2, Unit 1; Chapter 15, Unit 6 |
|
|
Term
| complementary base pairing |
|
Definition
Predictable interactions between nitrogen bases on opposite strands of DNA and between DNA and RNA; consists of adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine (adenine-uracil in RNA) base pairing.
Chapter 12, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The collection of things that make up an ecological system, including biotic and abiotic factors.
Chapter 16, Unit 6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A difference in the concentration of certain molecules over a distance.
Chapter 6, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Training that modifies a response so that it becomes associated with a stimulus different from the stimlus that originally caused it.
Chapter 7, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A heterotroph; an organism that feeds on other orginisms or on their organic wastes.
Chapter 9, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Change in distance between continents and in their relative positions; caused by spreading of new crustal material in seafloors and by land rifts.
Chapter 2, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A bundle of nerve fibers that connects the right and left hemisperes of the brain.
Chapter 1, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The structure that forms from the tissues of a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes female hormones.
Chapter 10, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A cemical bond formed by two atoms sharing a pair of electrons.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gland in the male reproductive system that produces an alkaline mucus, which is secreted before ejaculation to protect sperm from the acidic vagina.
Chapter 10, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
During prophase I of meiosis, it is the breakage and exchange of corresponding segments of chromosome pairs at one or more sites along their length, resulting in genetic recombination.
Chapter 11, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An adaptation to new pressures or situations resulting from cultural innovation.
Chapter 2, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A system of learned behaviors, symbols, customs, beliefs,institutions, artifacts, and technology characteristic of a group and transmitted by its members to their offspring.
Chapter 1, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An organism that lives on decaying organic material, from which it obtains energy and its own raw materials for life.
Chapter 9, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mutation that results when replication enzymes mistakenly skip a base, and the new DNA strand forms missing a base.
Chapter 12, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A structure that extends out from a neuron and transmits impulses toward the cell body.
Chapter 1, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) Cell division, growth, and differentiation of cells from embryonic layers into all the tissues and organs of the body; (2) later changes with age, including reproductive maturity, with its effects on appearance and body function.
Chapter 3, Unit 1; Chapter 13, Unit 5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The stage of the cardiac cycle in which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chamber to fill with blood.
Chapter 6, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Specialization, as when developing cells become ordered into certain tissues and organs.
Chapter 13, Unit 5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The movement of a substance down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated area to a less concentrated area.
Chapter 4, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A genetic cross between individuals differing in two alleles.
Chapter 11, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A cell containing both members of every chromosome pair characteristic of a species (2n).
Chapter 11, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Any substance or agent that promotes the increased formation and excretion of urine.
Chapter 4, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The second largest grouping, after Kingdom, in the biological classification system for plants.
Chapter 3, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The hereditary materical of mostorganisms; DNA makes up the genes; these nucleic acids contain deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases.
Chapter 4, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme that functions during the replication and repair of DNA molecules.
Chapter 12, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A trait that is visable in a heterozygous organism.
Chapter 11, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The study of living and nonliving components of the environment and of the interactions that affect biological species.
Chapter 3, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A biological community in its abiotic environment.
Chapter 9, Unit 3; Chapter 15, Unit 6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Expulsion of semen (sperm-bearing fluid) from the urethra.
Chapter 10, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
| electron transport system |
|
Definition
The process in which electrons are transferred from one carrier molecule to another in photosynthesis and in cellular respiration; results in storage of some of the energy in ATP molecules.
Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An organism in its earliest stages of development.
Chapter 10, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Departure of individuals from a population; decreases the size of the population.
Chapter 15, Unit 6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The system of glands that secretes their products from their cells directly into the blood.
Chapter 5, Unit 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A hard skeleton buried in the soft tissues of an animal such as the spicules of sponges and bony skeletons of vertebrates.
Chapter 7, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A protein or part-protein molecule made by an organism and used as a catalyst in a specific biochemical reaction.
Chapter 7, Unit 3; Chapter 8, Unit 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A coiled structure along the surface of the testis that provides for the storage, transmission, and maturation of sperm.
Chapter 10, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A hormone that stimulates the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
Chapter 10, Unit 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An organism whose cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles; a protist, fungus, plant, or animal. (Compare with prokaryote)
Chapter 3, Unit 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A cumulative change in the characteristics of organisms or populations from generation to generation.
Chapter 3, Unit 1 |
|
|
