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| Workers or working-class people, regarded collectively. The lowest class of citizens in ancient Rome |
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| A member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917 |
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| Vladimir Ilich (1870–1924), the principal figure in the Russian Revolution and first premier of the former Soviet Union 1918–24; born Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov. He was the first political leader to attempt to put Marxist principles into practice. In 1917 he established Bolshevik control after the overthrow of the tsar and in 1918 became head of state |
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| Grigori (Efimovich) (1871–1916), Russian monk. He exerted great influence over Tsar Nicholas II and his family during World War I; this influence, combined with his reputation for debauchery, steadily discredited the imperial family, and he was assassinated by a group loyal to the tsar |
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| was formed as a revolutionary committee of notables during the Belgian Revolution on September 24, 1830 at the Brussels City Hall under the name of Administrative Commission. |
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| An elected local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union.A revolutionary council of workers or peasants in Russia before 1917 |
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| a political party that actively advocates a communist form of government; in Communist countries it is the sole political party of the state |
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| Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) |
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| is a political system where the state, usually under the control of a single political person, faction, or class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. |
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| was a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin in 1936–1938.Orlando Figes The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia, 2007 |
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| An economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government |
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| A government plan for economic development over five years. The first such plan in the Soviet Union was inaugurated in 1928 |
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| A jointly operated amalgamation of several small farms, esp. one owned by the government |
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| A nationalist party founded in China under Sun Yat-sen in 1912, and led by Chiang Kai-shek from 1925. It held power from 1928 until the Communist Party took power in October 1949, and it subsequently formed the central administration of Taiwan |
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| was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Founding Father of Republican China, a view agreed upon by both Mainland China and Taiwan . |
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| was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919 protesting the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially the Shandong Problem. |
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| Chinese statesman; chairman of the Communist Party of the Chinese People's Republic 1949–76; head of state 1949–59. A cofounder of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and its effective leader from the time of the Long March (1934–35), he eventually defeated both the occupying Japanese and rival Kuomintang nationalist forces to create the People's Republic of China in 1949 |
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| Leader of the Guomindang, or Nationalist Party in China. Fought to keep China from becoming communist, and to resist the Japanese during World War II. He lost control of China in 1949, and fled to Taiwan where he setup a rival government. Also known as Chang Kai Shek. |
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| The epic withdrawal of the Chinese communists from southeastern to northwestern China in 1934–35, over a distance of 6,000 miles (9,600 km). 100,000 people, led by Mao Zedong, left the communist rural base after it was almost destroyed by the Kuomintang; 20,000 people survived the journey |
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| was a law passed by the British in colonial India in March 1919, indefinitely extending "emergency measures" (of the Defence of India Regulations Act) enacted during the First World War in order to control public unrest and root out conspiracy. |
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| April 3rd of 1919. British soldiers killed close to 400 unarmed Indian men, women, and children, and wounded 1,100 more. People had gathered in the center of town to protest British occupation of their country, and to demand equality. This was a turning point in British domination of India. |
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| was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He pioneered satyagraha. |
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| The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest |
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| which began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930, was an important part of the Indian independence movement. It was a campaign of nonviolent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. |
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| was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, as well as the first Turkish President. |
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