Term
|
Definition
| the most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the substance that composes eukaryotic chromosomes; it consists of specific proteins, DNA, and small amounts of RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a eukaryotic structural unit of chromatin that consists of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell-growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell-division period in which mitosis takes place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to the poles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organelle that contains the centrioles and is the center of dynamic activity in mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of disorder of cell growth that results in invasion and destruction of surrounding healthy tissue by abnormal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a growth that arises from normal tissue but that grows abnormally in rate and structure and lacks a function |
|
|
