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| the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen |
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| the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide |
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| adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups |
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| an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP |
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| a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
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| a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
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| a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color |
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| a green pigment that is present in most plant and algae cells and some bacteria, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that absorbs light to provide energy for photosynthesis |
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| a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
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| the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP |
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| describes a process that does not require oxygen |
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| describes a process that requires oxygen |
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| a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy |
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| the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen |
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