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Vocab
Lexicon
107
English
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2012

Additional English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

pa·ri·ah

Definition
  • An outcast.
  • A member of an indigenous people of southern India originally functioning as ceremonial drummers but later having a low caste or no caste.
Term

hu·bris

hube-riss

Definition
  • Excessive pride or self-confidence.
  • (in Greek tragedy) Excessive pride toward or defiance of the gods, leading to nemesis.
Term

Eidetic

eye-det-ic

Definition
Adjective
Relating to or denoting mental images having unusual vividness and detail, as if actually visible.
 
Noun
A person able to form or recall eidetic images.
Term

Interim


Definition
Noun
The intervening time: "in the interim I'll keep working".
 
Adjective
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary: "the interim government".
 
Synonyms
noun.   interval
adjective.   temporary - provisional - provisory - transient
Term

Draconian

Definition
Adjective

(of laws or their application) Excessively harsh and severe.

Term

Jurisprudence

Definition
Noun
  1. The theory or philosophy of law.
  2. A legal system.
 
Synonyms
law
Term

Sycophant

Definition
Noun
A person who acts obsequiously toward someone in order to gain advantage; a servile flatterer.
 
Synonyms
toady - bootlicker - flatterer - lickspittle - groveller
Term

Megalomaniac

Definition

a pathological egotist.

Term

Vivisection

Definition
Noun
  1. The practice of performing operations on live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research (used only by people who...
  2. Ruthlessly sharp and detailed criticism or analysis: "the vivisection of America's seamy underbelly".
Term

Magnum opus

Definition
Noun
An important work of art, music, or literature, esp. the most important achievement of an artist or writer.
 
Synonyms
masterpiece
Term

Didactic

Definition
Adjective
  1. Intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.
  2. In the manner of a teacher, particularly so as to treat someone in a patronizing way.
 
Synonyms
instructive
Term

Autodidact

Definition

A self-taught person.

Term
Marginal
Definition
Adjective
Of, relating to, or situated at the edge or margin of something.
 
Noun
A plant that grows in water adjacent to the edge of land.
 
Synonyms
peripheral
Term

Lucidity

Definition
clarity: free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression.
Term

Tenacity

Definition

persistent determination.

Term

Effulgence

Definition
radiance: the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light.
Term
Acumen
Definition
Noun
The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions, typically in a particular domain: "business acumen".
 
Synonyms
sagacity - perspicacity - acuteness - discernment
Term

Visage

Definition
Noun
  1. A person's face, with reference to the form or proportions of the features: "an elegant, angular visage".
  2. A person's facial expression: "his visage of cheerfulness".
 
Synonyms
face - countenance - physiognomy - aspect - look - front
Term

Hiatus

Definition
Noun
A pause or gap in a sequence, series, or process.
 
Synonyms
gap - lacuna - blank - chasm
Term

Antimony

Definition

The chemical element of atomic number 51, a brittle silvery-white metalloid.

Term

Educative

Definition

resulting in education; "an educative experience".

Term

Deductive

Definition
Adjective
  1. Characterized by the inference of particular instances from a general law.
  2. Based on reason and logical analysis of available facts: "I used my deductive powers".
Term

Inductive

Definition

Adjective

    Characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; logical: "inductive reasoning".

    Of, relating to, or caused by electric or magnetic induction.

 

Term

Antinomy

Definition
Noun
A contradiction between two beliefs or conclusions that are in themselves reasonable; a paradox.
 
Synonyms
paradox
Term

Topographical

Definition
Adjective
  1. Of or relating to the arrangement or accurate representation of the physical features of an area.
  2. (of a work of art or an artist) Dealing with or depicting places (esp. towns), buildings, and natural prospects in a realistic and...
 
Synonyms
topographic
Term

Polemical

Definition

polemic: of or involving dispute or controversy.

Term

exigency

Definition
Noun
An urgent need or demand.
 
Synonyms
exigence - requirement - need - emergency - demand
Term

Exigence

Definition
An exigent circumstance, in the American law of criminal procedure, allows law enforcement to enter a structure without a warrant, or if...
Term

Repudiation

Definition
rejecting or disowning or disclaiming as invalid; "Congressional repudiation of the treaty that the President had negotiated".
Term

Elucidates

Definition
Make (something) clear; explain: "work that will help to elucidate this matter"; "they would not elucidate further".
Term

Efficacy

Definition
Noun
The ability to produce a desired or intended result.
 
Synonyms
effectiveness - efficiency - effect - virtue
Term

Ephemeral

Definition
Adjective
Lasting for a very short time: "fashions are ephemeral".
 
Noun
An ephemeral plant.
 
Synonyms
transitory - transient - momentary - short-lived
Term

Vivacity

Definition
characterized by high spirits and animation.
Term

Dispersion

Definition
Noun
  1. The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
  2. The state of being dispersed over a wide area.
 
Synonyms
dispersal - diffusion
Term

Fecundity

Definition
the intellectual productivity of a creative imagination.
Term
Pedagogical
Definition

of or relating to pedagogy; "pedagogical significance".

 

pedagogy:

Noun
The method and practice of teaching, esp. as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
 
Synonyms
pedagogics - education
Term
Effrontery
Definition
Noun
Insolent or impertinent behavior: "had the effrontery to challenge the decision".
 
Synonyms
impudence - impertinence - cheek - insolence - nerve
Term

Juxtaposition

Definition
the act of positioning close together (or side by side); "it is the result of the juxtaposition of contrasting colors".
Term

Askesis/ascesis

Definition
Noun

The practice of severe self-discipline.

 

asceticism: rigorous self-denial and active self-restraint.

Term
Surmounted
Definition
Verb
  1. Overcome (a difficulty or obstacle).
  2. Stand or be placed on top of.
Term

Fidelity

Definition
Noun
  1. Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.
  2. Sexual faithfulness to a spouse or partner.
 
Synonyms
faithfulness - loyalty - allegiance - faith - accuracy
Term

Depravity

Definition
Noun
  1. Moral corruption.
  2. A wicked or morally corrupt act.
 
Synonyms
corruption - perversion - depravation - perversity
Term

Turpitude

Definition
Noun
Depravity; wickedness: "acts of moral turpitude".
 
Synonyms
meanness - baseness - villainy - infamy
Term

Apologue

Definition
Noun

A moral fable, esp. one with animals as characters.

Term

Superlative

Definition
Adjective
Of the highest quality or degree: "a superlative piece of skill".
 
Noun
A superlative adjective or adverb.
 
Synonyms
supreme - paramount
Term

Indolent

Definition
Adjective
  1. Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.
  2. (of a disease condition) Causing little or no pain.
 
Synonyms
lazy - idle - sluggish - slothful - supine - slack
Term

Voluminous

Definition
Adjective
  1. Occupying or containing much space; large in volume, in particular.
  2. (of clothing or drapery) Loose and ample.
 
Synonyms
large - bulky - massive - ample - extensive - capacious
Term

Insipid

Definition
Adjective
  1. Lacking flavor: "insipid coffee".
  2. Lacking vigor or interest: "insipid, shallow books".
 
Synonyms
tasteless - vapid - flat - flavourless - flavorless
Term

Ineffable

Definition
Adjective
  1. Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words: "ineffable beauty".
  2. Too sacred to be uttered.
 
Synonyms
unspeakable - inexpressible - unutterable - nameless
Term

Cerebral vs. Visceral.

Definition
Adjective
  1. Of the cerebrum of the brain: "a cerebral hemorrhage".
  2. Intellectual rather than emotional or physical: "photography is a cerebral process".
 
Synonyms
encephalic
Term
Cerebral vs. Visceral.
Definition
Adjective
  1. Of or relating to the viscera.
  2. Relating to deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect: "the voters' visceral fear of change".
 
Synonyms
splanchnic
Term
Atrophy
Definition
Verb
(of body tissue or an organ) Waste away, typically due to the degeneration of cells, or become vestigial during evolution.
 
Noun
The condition or process of atrophying.
Term
Indicative
Definition
Adjective
Serving as a sign or indication of something.
 
Noun
A verb in the indicative mood.
 
Synonyms
indicatory
Term

Imperative

Definition
Adjective
Of vital importance; necessary; crucial.
 
Noun
An essential or urgent thing: "an economic imperative".
 
Synonyms
imperious - urgent - peremptory - necessary - pressing
Term

Heterogeneous

Definition
Adjective
  1. Diverse in character or content: "a large and heterogeneous collection".
  2. Of or denoting a process involving substances in different phases (solid, liquid, or gaseous).
 
Synonyms
miscellaneous - promiscuous
Term

Mollified

Definition
Verb
  1. Appease the anger or anxiety of (someone).
  2. Reduce the severity of (something); soften.
Term
inertia
Definition
Noun
  1. A tendency to do nothing or to remain unchanged: "bureaucratic inertia".
  2. A property of matter by which it continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is...
 
Synonyms
inertness - inactivity - inaction - sluggishness
Term

Equanimity

Definition
Noun
Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, esp. in a difficult situation.
 
Synonyms
composure - calmness - poise - serenity - self-possession
Term

Turpitude

Definition
Noun
Depravity; wickedness: "acts of moral turpitude".
 
Synonyms
meanness - baseness - villainy - infamy
Term

Ecumenical

Definition
Adjective
  1. Representing a number of different Christian churches.
  2. Promoting or relating to unity among the world's Christian churches: "ecumenical dialogue".
 
Synonyms
oecumenical - ecumenic
Term

Intransigence

Definition
intransigency: the trait of being intransigent; stubbornly refusing to compromise.
Term

Denunciation

Definition
Noun
  1. Public condemnation of someone or something.
  2. The action of informing against someone.
 
Synonyms
denouncement - condemnation
Term

Vacuous

Definition
Adjective
  1. Having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless: "a vacuous smile".
  2. Empty.
 
Synonyms
vacant - empty - inane - void - blank - hollow - idle
Term

Ecumenical

Definition
Adjective
  1. Representing a number of different Christian churches.
  2. Promoting or relating to unity among the world's Christian churches: "ecumenical dialogue".
 
Synonyms
oecumenical - ecumenic
Term

Coreligionists

Definition
Noun

An adherent of the same religion as another person.

Term

Dereliction

Definition
Noun
  1. The state of having been abandoned and become dilapidated.
  2. The shameful failure to fulfill one's obligations.
 
Synonyms
abandonment - neglect - desertion - negligence
Term

Parochial

Definition
Adjective
  1. Of or relating to a church parish.
  2. Having a limited or narrow outlook or scope.
 
Synonyms
narrow - provincial - narrow-minded - parish
Term

Debacle

Definition
Noun
A sudden and ignominious failure; a fiasco.
 
Synonyms
rout
Term

Intrepid

Definition
Adjective
Fearless; adventurous (often used for rhetorical or humorous effect).
 
Synonyms
fearless - dauntless - undaunted - brave - bold - daring
Term

Virulent

Definition
Adjective
  1. (of a disease or poison) Extremely severe or harmful in its effects.
  2. (of a pathogen, esp. a virus) Highly infective.
 
Synonyms
venomous - poisonous - toxic
Term

Misnomer

Definition
Noun
  1. A wrong or inaccurate name or designation: "“king crab” is a misnomer".
  2. A wrong or inaccurate use of a name or term.
Term

Exacerbating

Definition
Verb

Make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.

Term

Assiduously

Definition
with care and persistence; "she worked assiduously on the senior thesis".
Term

Ameliorate

Definition
Verb
Make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.
 
Synonyms
improve - meliorate - better - mend - amend - reform
Term
Polemic
Definition
Noun
  1. A strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.
  2. The art or practice of engaging in controversial debate or dispute.
 
Synonyms
controversy - polemics - argument - dispute
Term

Desultorily

Definition
: marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose <a dragged-out ordeal of…desultory shopping — Herman Wouk>
2
: not connected with the main subject
3
: disappointing in progress, performance, or quality <a desultory fifth place finish> <a desultory wine>
Term

Stigmata

Definition
Noun
  1. A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person: "the stigma of mental disorder".
  2. (in Christian tradition) Marks corresponding to those left on Jesus’ body by the Crucifixion, said to have been impressed by divine...
Term

Unctuously

Definition
in an unctuous manner.
Term

Epigram

Definition
Noun
  1. A pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.
  2. A short poem, esp. a satirical one, having a witty or ingenious ending.
Term

Inordinate

Definition
Adjective
Unusually or disproportionately large; excessive: "an inordinate amount of time".
 
Synonyms
excessive - immoderate - undue - exorbitant - extravagant
Term

Impetus

Definition
Noun
  1. The force or energy or momentum with which a body moves.
  2. The force that makes something happen or happen more quickly: "the crisis provided the impetus for change".
 
Synonyms
impulse - momentum - incentive - stimulus - impulsion
Term

Autonomous

Definition
Adjective
  1. (of a country or region) Having self-government.
  2. Acting independently or having the freedom to do so: "an autonomous committee of the school board".
 
Synonyms
self-governing - independent
Term

 

Euphemism

Definition
Noun

A mild or indirect word or expression for one too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

Term

Dysphemism

Definition
Noun

A derogatory or unpleasant term used instead of a pleasant or neutral one, such as “loony bin” for “mental hospital.”.

Term

Hyperbole

Definition
Noun
Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
 
Synonyms
exaggeration - hyperbola - overstatement
Term

Ineliminable

Definition
unable to be eliminated.
Term

Amphibolic fallacy

Definition
ambiguity of speech, especially from uncertainty of the grammatical construction rather than of the meaning of the words, as in The Duke yet lives that Henry shall depose.
Term
anachronistically
Definition

in an anachronistic manner; "let's look at this phenomenon anachronistically".

 

a·nach·ro·ny  ([image]-n[image]k[image]r[image]-n[image])

n.
Discrepancy between the chronological order of events and the order in which they are related in a plot.
Term
Herbert Spencer
Definition
Just as common, and as historically illiterate, is the blaming of science for political movements with a pseudoscientific patina, particularly Social Darwinism and eugenics. Social Darwinism was the misnamed laissez-faire philosophy of Herbert Spencer. It was inspired not by Darwin’s theory of natural selection, but by Spencer’s Victorian-era conception of a mysterious natural force for progress, which was best left unimpeded. Today the term is often used to smear any application of evolution to the understanding of human beings. Eugenics was the campaign, popular among leftists and progressives in the early decades of the twentieth century, for the ultimate form of social progress, improving the genetic stock of humanity. Today the term is commonly used to assail behavioral genetics, the study of the genetic contributions to individual differences.
Term

fait accompli

(fate-accomplee)

Definition
Noun

A thing that has already happened or been decided.

Term

mi·lieu 

(mi-lure)

"cultural milieu"

Definition
Noun
A person's social environment: "a military milieu".
 
Synonyms
environment - surroundings - ambience - setting - medium
Term
ennui

on-wee

Definition
Noun
Listlessness and dissatisfaction arising from a lack of occupation or excitement.
 
Synonyms
tedium - boredom - weariness - bore - dullness
Term

No true Scotsman

Definition
No true Scotsman is an informal fallacy, an ad hoc attempt to retain an unreasoned assertion.[1] When faced with a counterexample to a universal claim ("no Scotsman would do such a thing"), rather than denying the counterexample or rejecting the original universal claim, this fallacy modifies the subject of the assertion to exclude the specific case or others like it by rhetoric, without reference to any specific objective rule ("no true Scotsman would do such a thing").[citation needed]It can also be used to create unnecessary requirements.
Term
pre·scrip·tive
Definition
of or relating to the imposition or enforcement of a rule or method.
"these guidelines are not intended to be prescriptive"
 
(of a right, title, or institution) having become legally established or accepted by long usage or the passage of time.
"a prescriptive right of way"
Term
mul·ti·tu·di·nous
Definition
very numerous.
"the tinkling of multitudinous bells from the herd"
synonyms:

numerous, many, abundant, profuse, prolific, 

copious, multifarious,innumerable, 

countless, numberless, infinite; 

Term
quid pro quo
Definition
a favor or advantage granted or expected in return for something.
Term
hedge
Definition
is a statement, word, or phrase that indicates that the arguer is tentative about a premise or inference.
Term
an assurance is
Definition
a statement, word, or phrase that indicates that the author is confident of a premise or inference.
Term
a discount is
Definition
an acknowledgment of a fact or paossibility that might be thought to render the argument invalid, weak, unsound, or uncogent.
Term
heuristic
Definition
adjective
 
  1. 1.
    enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves.
    "a “hands-on” or interactive heuristic approach to learning"
    •  
       
noun
 
  1. 1.
    a heuristic process or method.
Term
in·stan·ti·ate
Definition
verb
 
  1. represent as or by an instance.
    "a study of two groups who seemed to instantiate productive aspects of this"
    • PHILOSOPHY
      (of a universal or abstract concept) have an instance; be represented by an actual example.
Term
in·e·lim·i·na·ble
Definition
adjective
 
  1. incapable of being removed or excluded from consideration.
    "an ineliminable feature of the human condition"
Term
het·er·o·dox
Definition
adjective
 
  1. not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs.
    "heterodox view
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