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| The new stone age; prehistoric period begining about 10000 years ago in which people possessed stone based technologies and depends on domesticated crops an/or animals. |
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| The middle stone age of Europe, Asia, and africa beginging about 12000 years ago. |
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| term used to reffer to mesolithic cultures in the Americas. |
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| A small blade of flint or similar stone, several of which were halfted togather in wooden handles to make tools. Widespead in the mesolithic. |
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| A mesolithic culture living in the lands that are now Israel, lebanon and western syrya between about 10200 and 12500 years ago |
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| Any new idea, method or advice that gains widespread acceptance in socity |
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| the creation,invention,or discovery by chance of a completely new idea, method, or device. |
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| the creation,invention,or discovery by chance of a completely new idea, method, or device. |
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| the deliberant application or modification of an exsiting idea, method or device. |
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| the evolutionary process whereby humans modify, either intentionally or unintenitionally, the genetic makeup of a population of plants or animals. Sometimes to the extent where they cant live w/out humans. |
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| The cultivation of domesticated root crops such as yams and taro. |
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| cultric=vation of crops carried out with simple hand tools sych as digging sticks or hoes. |
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| the spread of certain ideas, customs or practices from one culture to another. |
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| dommestication of plants and animals by people with stone based technologies. begining about 10000 years ago. |
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| the region encompassing southern mexico and northern and central America. |
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| breeding and managing migratory herds of domesticated grazing animals such as goats sheep, cattle, llamas, or camels. |
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| in anthropology a tyoe of society marked by the presence of cities, social classes, and the state. |
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| in the old world, the period marked by the production of tools and ordiments of bronze. |
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| items such as utensils, figurines, and personal possesions, symbolically placed in the grave for the deceased persons use in the after life. |
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| the theory that explains civilizations emergence as a result of the construction of elaborate irragation systems, the functioning of which required full time managers whose control blossomed into the first governing body and elite social class |
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| the theory that self serving actions by forceful leader play a role in civilizations emergence |
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| a societys shared and socially transmitted idean, values, and perceptions, whcih are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior. |
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| the process by which a societys culture is passed on from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society |
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| an organized group or groups of independent people who generally share a common terriotory, language, and culture who act together for collective survival and well-being. |
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| biological difference between the sexs |
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| a distinctive set of ideas, values, and behavior patterns by which a group within a larger society operates, while still sharing common standards with that larger society |
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| people who collectively and publicly identify themselves as a distinct groiup based on cultural features such as common origin, language, customs, and traditional belief |
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| expression of a set of cultural ideas held by an ethic group |
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| a society in which two or more ethnic groups or nationality are politically organized into one territorial state but maintain their cultural differences. |
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| a sound, sign, emblem, or other thing that is arbitrarily linked to something else and represents it in a meaningful way. |
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| The rule governed relationship with all rights and obligation, that hold members of a society togather. this includes household, families, associations, and power felations, including politics. |
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| The economic foundation of a society, including its subsistence practices and the tools and other materail equipment used to make a living. |
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| A societys shared sense of identity and worldveiw. The collective body of ideas, beleifs, and values by which a group of people make sence of the world-its shape, challenges, and opportunities- and their placein it. this includesreligion and national ideology. |
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| A complex of ideas, activities, and technologies that enable people to survive and even thrive in their enviorment. |
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| The beleif that the way of one's own culture are the only proper ones. |
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| The idea that one must suspend judgment of others peoples practices in order to understand them in their own culture terms. |
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| A system of communications using sounds of gestures that are put togather in meaningful ways according to a set of rules |
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| Instictive sounds or gestures that have a natural or self-evident meaning. |
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| the modern scientific study of all aspects of language. |
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| the systematic identification and description of distinctive speech sounds in a language |
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| the study of language sounds |
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| the smallest units of sounds that make a difference in meaning of the language |
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| the study of the patterns in the rules of word formation in a language (verb tense, pluralization, and compound words.) |
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| the smallest inits od sound that a carry a meaning in a language. they are distint from phonemes, which can alter meaning but have no meaning by themselves. |
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| the patterns or rules by which words are arranged into phrases and sentences. |
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| the entire formal structor of a language including morphology and syntax |
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| a group of languages descended from a single ancestral language |
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| the develpoment of different languages from a single ancestral language. |
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| The attempt by ethnic minorities and even countries to proclaime independence by purging their language of foreign terms |
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| The study of the relationship between language and society though examining how social categories influnce the use and significance of distinctive styles of speech |
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| Distinct male and femal speech patterns, which vary across social and cultual settings |
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| Varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions, occupations, or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible |
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| Changing from one mode of speech to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another of from one dialect of a language to another |
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| A branch of linguistics that studies the realtionships between language and culture and how they mutually influence and inform eachother |
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| The idea that distinctions encoded in one language are unique to that language |
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| The idea that language to some extent shapes the way in which we view and think about the world around use |
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| Facial expressions and body motions that convey intended as well as subconscious messages |
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| A system of notating and analyzing postures, facial expressions, and body motions that convey messages |
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| The cross-cultural study of humankinds perception and use of space |
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| Voice effects that accompany language and convey meaning. These include vocalizations such as giggling, groaning,or singing, as well as voicequalities such as pitch and tone |
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| A language in which the sound pitch of a spoken word is an essential part of its pronunciation and meaning |
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| Referring to things and events removed in time and space |
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| A set of visible or tactile signs used to represent units of language in a systematic way |
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| A series of symbols representing the sounds of a language arranged in a traditional order |
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