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| Ecologic Revolution -- the exchange of plants, animals, humans, and dises from Old World to New World. (Colombus) |
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| Treaty between Portugal and Spain dividing newly discovered lands along a "line of demarcation". The treaty gave the lands to the east of the line to Portugal and to the west of the line to Spain. |
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political: Most direct form of democracy
economic: Trade, fishing, fur
religious: Tax-supported church
social: Towns surrounded by fields, urban
intellectual: 1647- 1st compulsory public schools (Massachusettes). Scientific pursuits in all 3 regions |
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political: Representative legislature (assemby)with power to vote on taxes. white male property owners (sometimes female) could be elected
economic: Grain farms, seaports, ironworks
religious: Many churches, religious tolerance
social: the most egalitarian of the colonies
intellectual: all private schools, run by churches or individual. girls had less education |
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political: Voters elected people to House of Burgesses, King made appointments only to royal colonies, but ruled all.
economic: Plantantions and small farms. Tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton
religious: Anglican church = state church, taxes and membership required
social: Rurual, few towns. Authoritarian and deference societies. modeled on English Country life
intellectual: no public, few private schools. wealthy people hired tutors for plantation schools. |
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| British trying to use the colonies for economic gain. (Only trade with Britain, onyl use British vessels) |
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| Young men from Britain who could not afford to make the journey to America on their own would agree to work for a wealthy colonist for 7 years without wage and then would be released to live life in America. |
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| Virtual vs. Actual Representation |
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Virtual representation: The assumption that representitives in Britain were communicating the wants/needs of the colonists
Actual representation: Having people from the colonies communicate the true wants/needs of the colonists. |
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| Colonists who stayed loyal to Britain |
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| The rights that aren't given to the national government in the constitution are given to states. 10th Amendment. Base of many cotroversies. Leads to Alien and Sedition Acts, Nullification Crisis. |
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| British captured American ships and took the people on board as prisoners, demanding that they be part of the British navy. |
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| approx. 1816-1824. President James Monroe downplayed partisanship |
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| Internal Improvements, National Bank, Tarriffs |
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| the construction or engineering projects carried out by the state on behalf of the community. |
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| A law that disallowed any petitions concerning slavery to be presented/read on the floor of congress. |
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| Movements urging reduced use of alcoholic beverages. Temperance movements may criticize excessive alcohol use, promote complete abstinence, or urge women's suffrage. |
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| Coined by John L. O'Sullivan. The American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the concept was denounced by Whigs. |
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| The spot resolutions were offered in 1847 by Abraham Lincoln, Whig representative (House of Rep.) from Illinois. The resolutions requested President James K. Polk to provide Congress with the exact location (the spot) upon which blood was spilt on American soil, as Polk had claimed in 1846 when asking Congress to declare war on Mexico. Lincoln's resolutions were a direct challenge to the validity of the president's words, and representative of an ongoing political power struggle between Whigs and Democrats. |
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| Indians made alliances for survival- took advantage of Britain and France (depending on who was fighting the war). The Indians needed to maintain their own land and culture in order not to be dependent on European goods. |
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| The legitimacy of a state is reliant on the will of the people living in it. In the decades before the American Civil War, the term "popular sovereignty" was often used to suggest that residents of U.S. territories should be able to decide by voting whether or not slavery would be allowed in the territory. This concept was associated with such politicians as Lewis Cass and Stephen A. Douglas. |
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| American Colonization Society |
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| The primary vehicle to support the "return" of free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 as a place for freedmen. Its founders were Henry Clay, John Randolph, and Richard Bland Lee. |
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| A political party that gained most support from New York, active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections. Its main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories. The party membership was largely absorbed by the Republican Party in 1854. |
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| The US Constitution was a compact agreed upon by all states, therefore the federal government is a creation of the states. Therefore states should have the final say in whether or not the federal government overstepped the limits of its authority given by the constitution. Under this theory and in reaction to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, Jefferson claimed the federal government overstepped its authority, and advocated nullification of the laws by the states. Lead to the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions. |
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| Peace Democrats. From the North, opposed the Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. |
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| The period after the civil war in which the US was rebuilding politically, economically, socially, etc. The 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution affected the whole nation. |
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| The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The first of the Reconstruction Amendments. |
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Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection clauses. Citizenship: Broad definition of citizenship that overruled the Dred Scott decision which held that blacks could not be citizens of the United States.
Due Process: Prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness.
Equal Protection: Requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction. |
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| Prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". |
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| Nickname for southern whites who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War. Some were former Unionists. |
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| Northerners coming into the South during reconstruction. Teamed up with "scalawags", republican, together they were able to control the Southern governments. |
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| Political party in the South during Reconstruction. Sought to oust the carpetbaggers and scalawags. Branch of Democratic party. |
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| Croppers (usually former slaves) were assigned a plot of land to work (by whites), and in exchange owed the owner a share of the crop at the end of the season, usually one-half. The owner provided the tools and farm animals. Farmers who owned their own mule and plow were at a higher stage and are called tenant farmers; they paid the landowner less, usually only a third of each crop. In both cases the farmer kept the produce of gardens. |
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| Political party, no stance on slavery, racism or reformation. Main goal was to make the time it took to become a citizen longer so that immigrants could not vote. |
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| Black Codes/ Jim Crow Laws |
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The Black Codes are used most often to refer to legislation passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor, migration and other activities of newly-freed slaves.
The Jim Crow Laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans. |
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