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| Neurodevelopmental Disorder |
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Neurodevelopmental disorders are problems or impairments that relate to the growth and development of the central nervous system (CNS) and brain.
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a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression.
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A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania.
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Major depressive disorder is classified as a mood disorder in which people have periods of hopelessness and sadness that last for more than 2 weeks and don't appear to have a specific cause.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a type of anxiety disorder (obviously) in which a person feels tense and apprehensive on a very regular basis.
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| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder |
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Definition
| A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions.[image] |
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| Trauma & Stressor Related Disorders |
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Trauma- and stressor-related disorders involve exposure to a traumatic or stressful event.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder), is a controversial diagnosis of a psychological disorder that manifests itself in the presence of two or more alternate personalities in the same body that may or may not be aware of each other's existence.
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| Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders |
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Definition
A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic form without apparent physical cause.
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| Feeding and Eating Disorders |
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Definition
Often fatal illnesses that cause severe disturbances to a person's eating behaviors.
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Insomnia includes trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.
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A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
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Gender dysphoria (GD), or gender identity disorder (GID), is the distress a person experiences as a result of the sex and gender they were assigned at birth.
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| This is not a mental illness, but the result of deep-seated behavioral and emotional problems |
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Any time a person continues to exhibit harmful or obsessive behavior, we can say that they are addicted.
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Neurocognitive disorder is a general term that describes decreased mental function due to a medical disease other than a psychiatric illness.
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Paraphilic disorders are recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors that are distressing or disabling and that involve inanimate objects, children or nonconsenting adults.
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brain surgery, such as lobotomy, used to treat mental disorder.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure, done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure.
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the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs.
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In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in whichther person relaxes and says whaterver comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
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Dream Analysis is an approach to psychological understanding that focuses on finding emotional clues and symbols in a person's dreams.
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Transference describes a situation where the feelings, desires, and expectations of one person are redirected and applied to another person.
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Symptom substitution is a theoretical consequence of the psychodynamic model of psychopathology and symptom formation that contrasts markedly with behavioral models.
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Hypnosis is a temporary state of heightened relaxation and suggestibility during which some (not all) people are able to become so focused that they experience imaginary happenings as if they were real.
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| Systematic Desensitization |
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Definition
a treatment for phobias in which the patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques.
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As a psychotherapeutic technique, it is used to treat phobia and anxiety disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Aversion therapy is a form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort.
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The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
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Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behavior.
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A series of graduated (least to most) anxiety- arousing stimuli or situations, centering on a specific source of anxiety for an individual.
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an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.
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A Cognitive Therapy based on Albert Ellis' theory that cognitions control our emotions and behaviors; therefore, changing the way we think about things will affect the way we feel and the way we behave.
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| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
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Definition
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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A humanistic therapy based on Carl Roger's beliefs that an individual has an unlimited capacity for psychological growth and will continue to grow unless barriers are placed in the way.
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existential/experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility, and that focuses upon the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.
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Existential psychotherapy is a philosophical method of therapy that operates on the belief that inner conflict within a person is due to that individual's confrontation with the givens of existence.
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specific, inborn behavior patterns characteristic of an entire species; thought to account for human behavior until 1920s when it was learned that 1) behavior is learned, 2) behavior is rarely rigid and inflexible, 3) behavior to instinct means nothing
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external stimulus that motivates behavior; do not need to be aware of it to happen; does not have to be primary or an active, cognitive secondary drive
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internal motivation; completing the activity because it please you; ex. Singing, reading, crosswords, etc.; some people turn these things into extrinsic motivations like jobs but this is rare
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cannot avoid or help doing something
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theory that motivated behavior is an attempt to reduce a state of tension/arousal in the body and return the body to a state of balance
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balance; stability; part of the drive-reduction theory; when individual functions effectively because drives are met
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theory of motivation; each individual has an optimal level of arousal (alertness, paying attention) that varies from one situation to the next; maintained by desire at that moment; may affect your performance (Yerkes-Dodson Law); Advantages-sensation or thrillseekers
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1880s; William James and Carl Lange; theory of emotion; stimuli in environment cause physiological change in bodies, then emotion comes
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1920s; theory of emotion; processing emotions and bodily response occur simultaneously
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| Schachter–Singer theory |
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The Schachter–Singer theory, or two-factor theory of emotion, states that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label.
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| Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) |
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Definition
part of the hypothalamus; satiety center; ceases hunger; in rats, works as a "on-off' switch (studies caused obese rats); has been challenged as the on-off switch; L comes before V, therefore you have to start eating before you can stop
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a roughly almond-shaped mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions
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eating disorder; severe weight loss accompanied by obsessive worrying about weight gain despite the fact the person is 10-15% below normal body weight
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eating disorder; recurrent episodes of binging and purging (massive eating in private, hiding out then throwing up or laxative usage)
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Perceived Control is a belief that the individual is capable of influencing and making a difference in the events that surround their lives.
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Cognitive appraisal is the personal interpretation of a situation; it is how an individual views a situation.
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| Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) |
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Definition
Holmes and Rahe's measure of stress, which ranks 43 life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each.
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| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict |
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Definition
A conflict arising from having to choose between undesirable alternatives.
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| Approach-Approach Conflict |
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A conflict arising from having to choose between equally desirable alternatives.
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Term
| General adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
General adaptation syndrome, or GAS, is a term used to describe the body's short-term and long-term reactions to stress.
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| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict |
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Definition
A conflict arising from having to choose between undesirable alternatives.
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| Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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Definition
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper
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According to expectancy-value theory, behavior is a function of the expectancies one has and the value of the goal toward which one is working.
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