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| the reiteration of a word or phrase for emphasis |
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| stage of the writing process in which the writer and possibly peers determine what in the draft needs to be developed or flarified so that the essay says what the writer intends to say |
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| the art and logic of a written or spoken argument; refers to the entire process of written communication |
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| to accomplish this, must develop a rhetorical strategy and then use rhetorical devices to accomplish the goal (ex: constructing a shelter to protect you from incliment weather) |
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| rhetorical/stylistic devices |
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| the specific language tools that an auther uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy and thus achieve a purpose for writing (ex: allusion, diction, imagery, syntax, repetition) |
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| created by Aristotle; suggests a balance between ethos, pathos, and logos in appealing to an audience in order to persuade it |
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| a plan of action or movement to achieve a goal; describes the way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose |
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| the latin for "to reduce to the absurd"; technique useful in creating a comic effect; an argumentative technique; a logical fallacy b/c reduces argument to an either/or choice |
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| one that does no expect an explicit answer; used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience |
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| a loose term that can refer to any work that aims at honest portrayal ofer sensationalism, exaggeration, or melodrama; technically, refers to a late 19th-century literary movement that aimed at accurate, detailed portrayals of ordinary, contemporary life |
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| something that distracts attention from the real issue |
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| the process of proving something wrtong by argument and evidence |
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| narrative technique in which some of the events of a story are described after events that occur later in time have already been narrated; also called analepsis and flashback |
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| to ridicule or mock ideas, person, events, or doctrines, or to make fun of human foibles or weaknesses. |
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| the specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative are referred to as the selection of detail. |
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| the order in which a writer presents information, like chronological orders, spatial order, order of importance, or order of complexity. |
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| a commonly used figure of speech that compares the words, “like” or “as.” |
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| the unconventional, very informal language of particular sub-groups of a culture, acceptable in formal writing only if used purposefully. |
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the use of certain words or information that results in a biased view point. |
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| the narrator of a story, poem, or drama; a fictional persona, not the author. |
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name individual objects, qualities, or actions within a class or group, instead of general ones; good writing judiciously balances the general with the specific, as writing that is too general can be dull and lifeless, while writing that is too specific may lack focus and direction. |
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a means by which a writer achieves his purpose, including rhetorical decisions about organization, paragraph structure, syntax, and diction |
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| the individual manner in which a writer expresses his ideas, created by diction, syntax, and organization. |
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| the content of an essay, or what it is about. |
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| writing that relies heavily on personal interpretation, sometimes called impressionistic writing. |
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| an argument that utilizes deductive reasoning and consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion, like “All trees that lose leaves are deciduous. Maple trees lose their leaves. Therefore, maple trees are deciduous.” |
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| a person, place, or thing that represents something beyond itself, often a complex set of ideas. |
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| a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. |
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the way words are arranged in a sentence, or word order. |
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| the specialized vocabulary of a trade or profession, used with an awareness of audience; jargon. |
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| a feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or audience feels because of the conflict, mood, or atmosphere of the work. |
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| the way the elements of a work of prose or poetry are joined together, associated with the style of the author. |
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| the central idea of a work. |
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| a statement of the main idea of an essay; controlling idea. |
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| a word or phrase set off at the beginning of an essay to identify the subject, to capture the main idea of the essay, or to attract the reader’s attention. |
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| the way the author presents a subject, resulting from diction, sentence structure, purpose, and attitude. |
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states the central idea of a paragraph and thus limits and controls the subject of the paragraph, most often at the beginning of the paragraph. |
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| words or phrases that link sentences, paragraphs, and larger units of a composition to achieve coherence, including parallelism, pronoun references, conjunctions, repetition of key ideas, and many conventional transitional expressions. |
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| when an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves. |
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| when all the words, sentences, and paragraphs in an essay contribute to its thesis, harmoniously supporting a single idea or purpose. |
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| how the speaker of a literary work presents himself to the reader, or grammatically the active or passive voice. |
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| the five major stages of writing, which are prewriting, writing drafts, revision, editing, and publication. |
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| a particular breech of sense in a sentence, when a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them, like “She carried an old tapestry bag and a walk that revealed a long history of injury.” |
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