A rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses

Example: “Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition!”
- William Shakespeare, King John

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The repetition of the initial word (or words) of a clause or sentence at the end of that same clause or sentence.

Example- They bowed down to him rather, because he was all of these things, and then again he was all of these things because the town bowed down.
- Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God

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The repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. Example- "We also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope. And hope does not disappoint us." -God, The Bible-Romans 5:3–5

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The use of a word as if it were a member of a different word class.

Example- "I'll unhair thy head."
-Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra

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 A word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing.

Example- "In offices, churches, hospitals, college dorms and schools—and even at yoga classes and in apple orchards—the fear of swine flu is turning age-old rituals on their head. What used to be O.K. is not anymore, as the flu has ushered in new standards of etiquette that can be, in turns, mundane, absurd and heartbreaking."
-Susan Saulny and Katie Zezima, "Flu Fears Curb Life’s Rituals." The New York Times, Oct. 17, 2009

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A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable.

Example- Dr. House: I'm busy.
Thirteen: We need you to . . .
Dr. House: Actually, as you can see, I'm not busy. It's just a euphemism for "get the hell out of here."
-"Dying Changes Everything," House, M.D.

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