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From Hebrew (Meshiach) meaning "anointed one"
As ancient priests and kings were anointed with oil, in early Judaism the term began to refer to a royal descendent of David and a redeemer figure who would restore the united kingdom of Israel and Judah, ushering in an age of peace, justice and plenty. |
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| The political and religious capital of Israel when it was united, then the southern kingdom of Judah. Mount Zion was the ridge in Jerusalem upon which the Royal Palace of David and the temple were built. |
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| A young woman of Shunem distinguished for her beauty. She was chosen to be a helper and servant of David in his old age. According to Israel tradition, if a man sleeps with the concubine of the king, then he is king. Adonijah tried to become king after David, taking the throne away from Solomon, by sleeping with Abishag. |
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| The wife of Uriah who committed adultery with David; later became David's wife and the mother of Solomon. |
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| A covenant God made with David, pledging that the family of David would provide kings to rule over Israel in perpetuity (2 Samuel 7) |
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| David's court prophet who mediated the Davidic covenant and exposed David's transgressions. |
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| The wife of Elkanah and the mother of Samuel; she prayed for a son, after Samuel was born she dedicated him to God's service at Shiloh. |
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| An administrator in Solomon's court who rebelled and became the first king of the Northern kingdom of Israel (922-901); he built non-Yahwhistic shrines in the cities of Dan and Bethel; a king of Israel in the 8th century BCE also held this name and is referred to as Jeroboam II |
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| The son of Solomon who took the kingship of Israel after him; faced leaders from N. Israel and refused to lighten the loads of taxes, as a result, Northern Israel split from the South |
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| The promise God makes with David that the throne of Israel will be in the hands of one of David's descendants for eternity and in which God says that the ruler will be his own son who will come and unite Israel. |
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| Monarch of the Neo-Assyrian empire at the time of Isaiah and the Syro-Emphraimite war. He is referred to as Pul in the biblical text. |
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| The view that God had made a special covenant with David, promising to establish David’s throne securely through all generations. |
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| Designation given to accepted spokespersons of God; a person who speaks in the name of god. Navi is the term for prophet from which Nevi'im was derived. |
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| Zion is the hill on which the city of Jerusalem first stood, where both David's royal palace and the temple of YHWH were located, later used to refer to the entire city of Jerusalem. In biblical times it symbolized the national homeland (Psalm 137:1-6). |
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| Call Narrative (Isaiah) is an account found in some historical and prophetic books that record the prophet's experience of being called into the prophetic ministry; the call was usually issued in the presence of God. |
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| Sennacherib was the monarch of the Neo-Assyrian empire who besieged Hezekiah's Jerusalem in 701. |
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| Immanuel is the name or title of an otherwise unidentifiable person in Isaiah's prophecy (Ch. 7-8) – means “God is with us” |
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| Cyrus (the Great) is a Persian monarch who founded the Med-Persian empire in the 6th century BCE and allowed the Judean refugees to return to their homeland after the Babylonian exile. |
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| Day of Yahweh is the day of victory in which YHWH the warrior would make a divine appearance. Subverted by Amos to show that Israel would be punished, not Assyria, if God were to show up. |
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| Zion (Royal) Theology is the ideology in Israel that affirmed the divine promises to the house of David and the invulnerability of the city of Jerusalem. |
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| Diaspora (Greek – scattering) is the technical term for the dispersion of the Jewish people. A process that began after defeats in 721 and 587 BCE and resulted in the growth of sizable Jewish communities outside of palestine. Refers to people living outside of the “holy land”. |
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| Exile (Babylonian exile) was the period in the middle of the 6th century BCE when Judeans were taken as captives to Babylonia and resettled there. Officially ended in 539 BCE but many Judeans nonetheless remained there. |
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| Immanence—the meaning of immanence is that God is present and active within his creation, and within the human race, even those members of it that do not believe in or obey him. His influence is everywhere. He is at work in and through natural processes. |
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| Transcendence—Means that God is not merely a quality of nature or of humanity; he is not simply the highest human being. He is not limited to our ability to understand him. His holiness and goodness go far beyond, infinitely beyond ours, and this is true of his knowledge and power as well. |
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| The book of the writings that contains 150 psalms. |
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| Greek term for "justice of God"; a term that denotes the issue of God's justice in relation to the problem of human suffering, often used in discussions of the book of Job relating to the attempt to justify God in the face of evil. Often addressed the question: Why do bad things happen to good people? The prophet Habbukuk dealt with theodicy. |
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| Also called the twelve prophets or the minor prophets, it is a collection of twelve short prophetic books in the Latter prophets. |
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| The early period of the formation of Judaism, sometimes called early Judaism |
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| (Hebrew for “adversary” or “accuser”) In the Old Testament, a member of the Divine Council who challenged God in the books of job and Zechariah. |
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| A short, pithy saying in frequent and widespread use that expresses a basic truth or practical precept; the book of Proverbs in one of the Writings and is classified as wisdom literature. |
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| Hebrew word for lovingkindness. The first example of hesed occurs in Ruth 1:16-17. Naomi, an Israelite widow, decided to return to Israel after the death of her two sons in the land of Moab. Ruth, her widowed daughter-in-law, planned to go with her, even though Naomi warned her that there could be no expectation of marriage and children, but rather the bleak prospect of poverty. Still Ruth refused to leave Naomi. |
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| A deep respect and reverence of God; an important theme in the Elohist fragments and in the wisdom literature. |
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| The outlook found in Deuteronomic and wisdom literature that a supreme being punishes wrongdoers for their bad deeds. |
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| Greek for “sacred writings” and has been applied to the Writings portion of the O.T. by Christians. Ti contains a variety of materials including songs, prayers, moral maxims, philosophical investigations, short stories, worship liturgies, and histories. |
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| A document issued by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great in the form of a clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform script.[1] The cylinder was created following the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, when Cyrus overthrew the Babylonian king Nabonidus and replaced him as ruler, ending the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The text of the cylinder denounces Nabonidus as impious and portrays the victorious Cyrus as pleasing to the chief god Marduk. It goes on to describe how Cyrus had improved the lives of the citizens of Babylonia, repatriated displaced peoples and restored temples and cult sanctuaries. |
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