Term
| What are the important aspects of the parasite approach to medicine? |
|
Definition
-Infectious stage(s) and mode of infection
-How does it cause disease
-Where is the parasite in the host
-What sample do I collect
-What test do I perform
-How do I identify the parasite
-Does this case need to be treated
-Does the owner need to be educated |
|
|
Term
| Describe the two categories of arthropods |
|
Definition
Arachnids: eight legs, fused cephalothorax, no antennae
Insects: six legs, distint head, thorax, abdomen, antennae |
|
|
Term
| Give examples of each category |
|
Definition
Arthropods: ticks, mites, spiders
Insects: Lice, fleas, flies |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference between soft and hard ticks with regard to mouth parts, scutum, and habits |
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Definition
Soft Tick: ventrally located mouth, feeds multiple times per life cycle, short feeding periods, lives in host bedding,
Hard Tick: Dorsal mouth parts, scutum, one feeding per life cycle, feed for days to weeks |
|
|
Term
| Describe how to tell the difference between a female and male hard tick |
|
Definition
| Female scutums only cover part of the back to allow for engorgement during a blood meal. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of ticks on a host? |
|
Definition
| Exsanguination, pathway for secondary infections, vector for disease, local irritation, paralysis/toxicosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the hard tick class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name five important hard tick genera important to vet med in USA. (Hint: BRAID) |
|
Definition
| Boophilus(buofilus), Ixodes(iksadees), Dermacentor, Rhipichephalus, Amblyomma(ambleeoma) (BRAID) |
|
|
Term
| What is essential for viability of eggs from the female |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on the ground after the tick falls off the host |
|
|
Term
| How can you identify larvae? |
|
Definition
| They have six legs instead of eight |
|
|
Term
| what is the goal of larvae? |
|
Definition
| finding a host in small mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a tick detects a host passing by and grabs on |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process from larvae to nymph |
|
Definition
| Larvae drops off host, molts exoskeleton and gets 2 more legs, then quests again |
|
|
Term
| Describe transformation from nymph to adult |
|
Definition
| nymph drops off host, molt into adult, questing begins again |
|
|
Term
| Describe what happens with adults(male and female) on the host |
|
Definition
Males take blood meals and seek out females to mate
Females get engorged with blood meal and mate with female |
|
|
Term
| What are two factors that determine survival of hard ticks |
|
Definition
| Blood meals and environment(dessication leads to death) |
|
|
Term
| What stage is the primary stage for borrelia? |
|
Definition
| Nymph stage, because they are difficult to detect |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of one host ticks? |
|
Definition
| Dermacentor(some species), Boophilus |
|
|
Term
| What diseases did Boophilus vector? |
|
Definition
| Bovine babesia and anaplasma |
|
|
Term
| which ticks have ornate bodies or scutum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species would have all brown body or scutum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tick is the primary vector for lyme disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do we have less Lyme in the west |
|
Definition
| Western fence lizard is not host for lyme, kills bacteria in tick and prevents transmission |
|
|
Term
| Which tick is the lone star tick |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the class of soft ticks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ticks can be found in the ear? what stages? |
|
Definition
| Otobius megnini, only larvae and nymph |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common problems with these infestation? |
|
Definition
| Inflammation and irritation to the ear |
|
|
Term
| Which tick is found in the sierra foothills? |
|
Definition
| Ornithodoros coriaceus(coreyasees) |
|
|
Term
| Which disease does this tick transmit? |
|
Definition
| Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA) |
|
|
Term
| Name some characteristics that differentiate mites from ticks |
|
Definition
| More host specific, obligate parasites, smaller |
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic method of choice for mites? Where on the lesion would you do this? |
|
Definition
| Skin scrape on the edge of the lesion |
|
|
Term
| What is incomplete metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two categories of mites? |
|
Definition
| Burrowing and non burrowing mites |
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|
Term
| What are some examples of burrowing mites? |
|
Definition
| Demodex, Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Knemidocoptes(avian) |
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|
Term
| Describe localized demodicosis |
|
Definition
| usually non-pruritic, well circumscribed, localized to periorbital, limbs, face and muzzle |
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|
Term
| Describe generalized demodicosis. WHy does it occur? |
|
Definition
| Lichenification, erythema, pruritis, affects feet, hyperpigmentation Suppression of specific T-cell line, |
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|
Term
| Why is this important for breeding? |
|
Definition
| DO NOT BREED. T-cell defect may be inherited. |
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|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of sarcoptes infestation? |
|
Definition
| Intense pruritis, secondary trauma, erythema |
|
|
Term
| what are the transmission implications of this? |
|
Definition
| highly contagious and slightly zoonotic |
|
|
Term
| What stages and activities of burrowing mites cause the clinical signs? |
|
Definition
| Larvae and nymphs feeding on protinaceous material in the skin and releasing antigens |
|
|
Term
| Which mite would you expect to find on an infested cat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the transmissible stages? Why? |
|
Definition
| Usually adults because they are on the skin surface |
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|
Term
| Which mites would you expect to find within the cat ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with this and what is the diagnostic of choice? |
|
Definition
| Intense pruritis, ear swab |
|
|
Term
| Which mites would you expect to find on the bunny ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mite causes the appearance of "walking dandruff". Rhymes with "style" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the diagnostic of choice? |
|
Definition
| Use scotch tape to collect the "dandruff" |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the specific characteristic of this mite? Think hair stylist |
|
Definition
| scissor teeth, combs on front limbs |
|
|
Term
| What are some other terms of mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite would you suspect for intense itching on a cow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are these burrowing or non burrowing mites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of each type of lice? |
|
Definition
Sucking: larger legs and claws, smaller head
Biting: larger head, smaller legs |
|
|
Term
| What are the infestation characteristics of lice? |
|
Definition
| highly host specific, obligate parasites, not zoonotic |
|
|
Term
| what season are lice infestations heaviest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical term for lice infestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of lice are found on most animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which animals will have specific types of lice? which ones will they have? |
|
Definition
Pigs: sucking lice
Cats/birds: biting lice |
|
|
Term
| Name a type of biting lice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of material do biting lice feed on? |
|
Definition
| protinaceous: feathers, kerratin |
|
|
Term
| are these lice good vectors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do they serve as a host for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a heavy louse infestation mean usually? |
|
Definition
| may have other clinical problems |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a sucking lice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do these lice feed on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the clinical conditions associated with these lice? |
|
Definition
| Cause anemia and hypoproteinemia, vector for bloodborn pathogens, may induce allergic response |
|
|
Term
| Name some characteristics of fleas |
|
Definition
| Blood sucking ectoparasites, not very host specific but preferred, good jumpers(powerful legs) |
|
|
Term
| Which life stage is parasitic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the "cat flea". Where is is commonly found? |
|
Definition
| Ctenocephalides felis. MOst common on dogs |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the "dog flea" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal life expectancy of a flea off the host? How long without feeding? |
|
Definition
| Can live up to 2 years. 4-6 months between meals |
|
|
Term
| Where are flea eggs, larvae, and pupae found? |
|
Definition
| Off the host typically on the ground |
|
|
Term
| What are the flea control implications of pupae? |
|
Definition
| Protected from insecticides. |
|
|
Term
| How long can they survive in their cocoon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stimulates them to come out? |
|
Definition
| The presence of a host: heat, CO2, vibration, light |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the veterinary associated problems with fleas |
|
Definition
| FAD, annoyance to owners, vectors of some other diseases |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis |
|
Definition
| Pruritis, hair loss, self trauma, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, alopecia |
|
|
Term
| What areas on an animal are most commonly affected |
|
Definition
| base of tail, abdomen, caudal thigh, lumbosacral region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Presence of fleas or flea dirt, presence of diplydium caninum, intradermal skin test |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical problem with flies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common species of biting flies? |
|
Definition
| Culicoides, Simulium, Mosquitoes |
|
|
Term
| Which sex is the parasite with feeding mouth parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for culicoides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease do these cause in horses? |
|
Definition
| Sweet itch. Type I hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What is the major problem with mosquito infestations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do mosquitoes undergo complete or incomplete metamorphosis? |
|
Definition
| complete. Larvae and pupae stages look different |
|
|
Term
| What are two diseases transmitted by mosquitoes? |
|
Definition
| Plasmodium(Malaria) and Dirofilaria immitus(heartworm) |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the Horse Fly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slashing mouth parts and then a "sponge" to suck blood off skin |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the deer fly. How does it feed? |
|
Definition
| Chrysops. Slashing and sucking. |
|
|
Term
| What parasites may take advantage of the bite sites from these two flies? |
|
Definition
| Screwworms or blowfly strikes |
|
|
Term
| Which pathogens are these a vector for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the stable fly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fly might this be confused with and when would you know the difference? |
|
Definition
| Confused with house fly, you know it isn't when it bites you. |
|
|
Term
| What does this parasite do to grazing animals? |
|
Definition
| decreases production by up to 20% |
|
|
Term
| What does it serve as an intermediate host for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease does this cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The is another name for the horn fly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do these flies to do production animals |
|
Definition
| Decrease production and cause weight loss |
|
|
Term
| What is the wingless fly that is the that is an obligate parasite to the sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diseases can it cause? |
|
Definition
| Anemia, damage to the wool, loss of condition |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the house fly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which similar fly likes to hang out around the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are these obligate parasites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease do these serve as intermediate hosts for? What is the condition that is caused? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the other name for the face fly(repeat), and what condition does it cause? |
|
Definition
| Musca autumnalis. Moraxella bovis(pink eye) |
|
|
Term
| What is the condition caused by blow fly(bottle fly) larvae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ingestion of the tissue by the larvae |
|
|
Term
| Are these diseases caused by biting or non-biting flies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some diseases caused by blowfly myiasis? |
|
Definition
| irritation, secondary infection, septicemia |
|
|
Term
| which animals are most affected? |
|
Definition
| sheep with wet rotting wool, livestock with wounds or dehornings, long hair dogs |
|
|
Term
| How is screw worm myiasis caused? |
|
Definition
| from the blowfly cochliomyia hominovorax |
|
|
Term
| What efforts have been made to treat this disease? why? |
|
Definition
| Fly sterilization programs because of economic problems |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for a bot fly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is different about this life cycle? What species does it affect? |
|
Definition
| Larvae develop in the stomach of horses |
|
|
Term
| Do they cause major problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The larvae of which flies live in the nasal passages of sheep and goats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some clinical signs caused by this? |
|
Definition
| nasal discharge, sneezing, decreased appetite, CNS signs if penetrate ethmoid turbinates |
|
|
Term
| Which flies lay eggs in the subcutaneous tissue of mammals |
|
Definition
|
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