Thiamine

Coenzyme used in removing CO₂ from organic compounds

Beriberi (nervous disorder, fatigue) 

Riboflavin

Component of coenzymes FAD and FMN

Skin lesions (including cracks at corner of mouth) 

Niacin

Component of coenzymes NAD⁺ and NADP⁺

Skin and gastrointestinal lesions, nervous disorders

Liver damage 

Pyridoxine

Coenzyme used in amino acid metabolism

Irritability, convulsions, muscular twitching, anemia

Unstable gait, numb feet, poor coordination 

Pantothenic acid

Component of coenzyme A

Fatigue, numbness, tingling of hands and feet 

Folate 

Coenzyme in nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism

Anemia, birth defects

May mask deficiency of vitamin B12 

Cobalamin

Coenzyme in nucleic acid metabolism, maturation of red blood cells

Anemia, nervous system disorders 

Biotin

Coenzyme in synthesis of fat, glycogen, and amino acids

Scaly skin inflammation, neuromuscular disorders 

Ascorbic acid

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, detoxification, iron absorption

Scurvy, weakness, delayed wound healing, impaired immunity

Gastrointestinal upset 

Retinol

Component of visual pigments, maintenence of epithelial tissues, antioxidant, helps prevent damage to cell membrane

Blindness, increased death rate

Headache, irritability, vomiting, hair loss, blurred vision, liver and bone damage 

Calciferol

Absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus, promote bone growth

Rickets in children, bone softening in adults

Brain, cardiovascular, and kidney damage 

Tocopherol

Antioxidant, helps prevent damage to cell membranes

Degeneration of nervous system 

Phylloquinone

Important in blood clotting

Defective blood clotting

Liver damage, anemia