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| Dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea |
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Definition
| Common symptoms of B-complex deficiencies |
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| Night blindness, dry skin |
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| Arthralgias, fatigue, headaches, skin changes, sore throat, alopecia |
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Term
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Transketolase
Branched-chain AA dehydrogenase |
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Definition
| Enzymes requiring thiamine as a cofactor |
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| Impaired glucose breakdown > ATP depletion, brain and heart affected first |
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Beriberi |
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| Thiamine deficiency: alcoholism and malnutrition |
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| Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia |
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| Memory loss, confabulation, personality change |
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| Cofactor in oxidation and reduction |
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| Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at corners of mouth), corneal vascularization |
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Definition
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency |
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| Constituent of NAD+, NADP+, used in redox reactions. |
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| Synthesis requires vitamin B6 |
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Hartnup disease (decreased tryptophan absorption)
Malignant carcinoid syndrome (increased tryptophan metabolism)
INH (decreased vitamin B6) |
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Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency
Three Ds: dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis |
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| Vitamin B5 (panthotenate) |
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Definition
| Essential component of CoA and fatty acid synthase |
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Definition
| Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency |
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Definition
| Cofactor used in transamination, decarboxylation reactions, glycogen phosphorylase, cystathionine synthesis, and heme synthesis |
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Definition
| Required for the synthesis of niacin from tryptophan |
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Definition
| Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias |
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| Deficiency induced by INH and oral contraceptives |
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Definition
| Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase |
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Definition
| Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMNs |
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Definition
| Found in animal products, synthesized only by microorganisms |
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Malabsorption (sprue, enteritis, Diphyllobothrium latum)
Lack of intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia, gastric bypass surgery)
Absence of terminal ileum (Crohn's disease) |
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Definition
| Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency |
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Definition
| Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms |
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Definition
| Most common vitamin deficiency in the U.S. |
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Term
| S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) |
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Definition
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Term
Regeneration of methionine
Conversion of NE to epinephrine
Phosphocreatine synthesis |
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Definition
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Definition
| Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes |
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Pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase |
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Definition
| Carboxylation enzymes requiring biotin |
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Definition
| Excessive ingestion of raw eggs |
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| Scurvy > vitamin C deficiency |
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Definition
| Swollen gums, bruising, anemia, poor wound healing |
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Definition
Antioxidant
Facilitates iron absorption by keeping it in reduced state |
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| Necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis |
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Definition
| Necessary for dopamine beta-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine to NE |
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| D2 > ingested from plants, used as pharmacologic agent |
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Definition
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| D3 > consumed in milk, formed in sun-exposed skin |
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| Antioxidant that protects erythrocytes and membranes from free-radical damage |
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Definition
Synthesized by intestinal flora |
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Term
| II, VII, IX, X, proteins C & S |
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Definition
| Clotting factors requiring vitamin K |
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Term
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Definition
| Neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and PTT |
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Definition
| Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased adult hair (axillary, facial, pubic), dysgeusia, anosmia |
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