Term
|
Definition
Other name: Vitamin B1
Deficiency Disease: Beriberi (wet, with edema; dry, with muscle wasting)
Deficiency Symptoms: Enlarged heart, cardiac failure; muscular weakness; apathy, poor short- term memory, confusion, irritability; anorexia, weight loss.
Toxicity Symptoms: None reported |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other name: Vitamin B2
Deficiency Disease: Ariboflavinosis
Deficiency Symptoms: Sore throat; cracks and redness at corners of mouth; painful, smooth, purplish red tongue; inflammation characterized by skin lesions covered with greasy scales
Toxicity Symptoms: None reported |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other names: Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, niacinamide, vitamin B3; precursor is dietary tryptophan (an amino acid)
Deficiency Disease: Pellagra
Deficiency Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting; inflamed, swollen, smooth, bright red tongue; depression, apathy, fatigue, loss of memory, headache; bilateral symmetrical rash on areas exposed to sunlight
Toxicity Symptoms: Painful flush, hives, and rash ("niacin flush"); nausea and vomiting; liver damage, impaired glucose tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other name: None
Deficiency Disease: None
Deficiency Symptoms: Depression, lethargy, hallucinations, numb or tingling sensation in the arms and legs; red, scaly rash around the eyes, nose, and mouth; hair loss
Toxicity Symptoms: none reported |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other name: none
Deficiency Disease: none
Deficiency Symptoms: Vomiting, nausea, stomach cramps; insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability, restlessness, apathy; hypoglycemia, increased sensitivity to insulin; numbness, muscle cramps, inability to walk
Toxicity Symptoms: none reported |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other names: Pyridoxine, puridoxal, pyridoxamine
Deficiency Disease: None
Deficiency Symptoms: Scaly dermatitis; anemia (small-cell type); depression, confusion, convulsions
Toxicity Symptoms: Depression. fatigue, irritability, headaches, nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness leading to an inability to walk and convulsions; skin lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other names: Folic acid, folacin, pteroylglutamic acid (PGA)
Deficiency Disease: None
Deficiency Symptoms: Anemia (large-cell type); smooth, red tongue; mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache, shorness of breath; elevated homocysteine
Toxicity Symptoms: Masks Vitamin B12- deficiency symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other Names: Cobalamin (and related forms)
Deficiency Disease: Pernicious anemia
Deficiency Symptoms: Anemia (large-cell type); fatigue, degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis; sore tongue, loss of appetite, constipation
Toxicity Symptoms: None reported |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other names: None
Deficiency Disease: None
Deficiency Symptoms: Liver damage
Toxicity Symptoms: Body odor, sweating, salivation, reduced growth rate, low blood pressure, liver damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other name: Ascorbic acid
Deficiency Disease: Scurvy
Deficiency Symptoms: Anemia (small- cell type), atherosclerotic plaques, pinpoint hemorrhages; bone fragility, joint pain; poor wound healing, frequent infections; bleeding gums, loosened teeth; muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria, depression; rough skin, blotchy bruises
toxicity Symptoms: Nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea; headache, fatigue, insomnia; hot flashes, rashes; interference with medical tests, aggravation of gout symptoms, urinary tract problem, kidney stones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other names: Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid; precursors are carotenoids such as beta-carotene
Deficiency Disease: Hypovitaminosis A
Deficiency Symptoms: Night blindness, corneal drying (xerosis), triangular gray spots on eye (Bitot's spots), softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), and corneal degeneration and blindness (xerophthalmia); impaired immunity (infectious diseases); plugging of hair follicies with keratin, forming white lumps (hyperkeratosis)
Toxicity Disease: Hypervitaminosis A
Chronic Toxicity Symptoms: increased activity of osteoclasts causing reduced bone density; liver abnormalities; birth defects
Acute Toxicity Symptoms: Blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, vertigo; increase of pressure inside skull, mimicking brain tumor; headaches; muscle incoordination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other Names: Calciferol, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D; the animal version is vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol; the plant verson is vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol; percursor is the bodys own cholesterol
Deficiency Disease: None
Deficiency Symptoms: Rickets in Children- Inadequate calcification, resulting in misshapen bones (bowing of legs); enlargement of ends of long bones (knees, wrists); deformities of ribs (bowed, with beads or knobs); delayed closing of fontanel, resulting in rapid enlargement of head; lax muscles resulting in protrusion of abdomen; muscle spasms. Osteomalacia or Osteoporosis in Adults- Loss of calcium, resulting in soft, flexible brittle, and deformed bones; progressive weakness; pain in pelvis, lower back, and legs
Toxicity Disease: Hypervitaminosis D
Toxicity Symptoms: Elevated blood calcium; calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, kidneys, heart, lungs, tissues around joints) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other Name: Alpha-tocopherol
Deficiency Disease: None
Deficiency Symptoms: Red blood cell breakage, nerve damage
Toxicity Symptoms: Augments the effects of anticlotting medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other Names: Phylloquinone, menaquinone, menadione, naphthoquinone
Deficiency Disease: None
Deficiency Symptoms: Hemorrhaging
Toxicity Symptoms: None known |
|
|
