Term
| viruses with 1-2 week incubation |
|
Definition
| enteroviruses, polimyelitis, measles, smallpox, chickenpox, mumps, rubella |
|
|
Term
| viruses with 2+ weeks incubation |
|
Definition
| mononucleosis, Hep-A, Hep-B, rabies, papilloma (warts), HIV |
|
|
Term
Adenoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
DNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Naked
Adenovirus |
|
|
Term
Arenoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand (-)
Spherical
Envelope
Lassa fever, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parvo, small, naked, icos, linear ssDNA
1/5 childhood diseases
erythemia infectiosum
aplastic crisis in chronically anemic
associated witha cute polyarthritis
in utero transmission --> spon abort
only 1 serotype
"slapped-face" or "lace-like" rash
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
Bunyaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand -
Helical symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
California encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever virus, hanta virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, phosphonoformate (foscarnet) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpes-beta, large, enhv, linear dsDNA, icos
most common cause of viral congenital defects
opportunistic pathogen
transmission: blood, body fluids, transplant, STD, in utero, birth, nursing
heterophile-negative mono
can present like Hep w/ neg HepA/B/C
causes many transplant failures
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
Coronaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand +
Helical symmetry
Replicates in cyroplasm
Envelope
Coronavirus, SARS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Herpes, Hepadna, Adeno, Papova, Parvo, Pox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flavi, env, (+)ssRNA, icos
vector aedes, host = humans/monkeys
break-bone fever
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpes-gamma, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
B cell parasite, stim growth and immortalize
heterophile Abs psositive infectious mono
binds to C3dR/CR2/CD21
harry cell leukoplakia
Downey cells (atypical T cells)
IgM to VCA, monospot, lymphocytosis
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus attachment protein for adenovirus |
|
|
Term
Filoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
(-) ssRNA
Filamentous
Envelope
Ebola |
|
|
Term
Flaviviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohrdral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Yellow fever, dengue, west nile, hep-C, st. Louis enceohalitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus attachment protein for rabies virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus attachment protein for influenza A and paramyxovirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpes-beta, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
1/5 childhood diseases
rapid high fever, general rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpes-gamma, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
Kaposi's sarcoma
produce homologues of IL-6, Bcl-2, chemokines and their receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NARTI: AZT, ddI, ddE, d4T, 3TC
NNRTI: nevirapine, delaviridine
protease inhibit: saquinavir, ritanavir, indinavir, nelfinavir
Fusion inhibit: enfuvirtide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
retro, env, 2x (+)ssRNA, RT, integrase [gag, env, pol]
binds to CD4R, CCR5, and CXCR4
syncytia forming
Tx: NARTI, NNRTI, FusionI, ProteaseI, HAART
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
papilloma, naked, circular dsDNA
koilocytes, cauliflower warts
types 16 & 18 = cervical cancer risk
E6 inhbits p53, E7 inhibits pRB
does have vaccine (give to teen female) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acyclovir, valacyclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, iododeoxyuridine, trifluridine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpes-alpha, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
DR and IR brack UL and US segments
syncytia forming virus
associated with above waist infections
most common cause of sporadic encephalitis
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpes-alpha, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
DR and IR surround UL and US segmetns
syncytial forming
associate with infection below waist
viremia possible
neonatal transmission
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
retro, env, 2x(+)ssRNA, RT, integrase, [gag, pol, env]
long latency period
tax - transactivates IL-2 and IL-2R
ATLL
flower cells = pleomorphic and lobulated nuclei
Tx: AZT and interferon-alpha
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
Hepadnaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
DNA double stand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Envelope, spherical
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E |
|
|
Term
Herpesviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
DNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Envelope
HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6/7, HHV8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lymphocytic choriomeningitis
arena, env, 2 ssRNA circles, ambisense
vector: hamster/mouse
more often flu-like than meningitis
pervascular infiltrates in all neurons
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arena, env, 2 ssRNA circles, ambisense
vector = rodent (fecal/oral, aerosol, direct contact) and human/human
coagulopathy, visceral hemorrhage
50% mortality
tx: ribavirin
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
| Negri bodies (associated with...) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Noroviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Naked
Norwalk, calcivirus |
|
|
Term
Orthomyxoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand -
Helical symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Influenza A, B, C |
|
|
Term
Papovaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
DNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Naked
Polyoma and papilloma
JC virus, BK virus, SV40
papillomavirus |
|
|
Term
Paramyxoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand -
Helical symmetry
Replicate in cytoplasm
Envelope
Parainfluenza, measles, mumps, RSV |
|
|
Term
Parvoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
DNA single strand
Icoshedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Naked
ParvoB19, adeno-associated virus |
|
|
Term
Picornaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Naked
Rhino, polio, echo, coxsackie, hep-a |
|
|
Term
Poxviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
DNA double stranded, complex
No icoshedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope, brick-shaped
Smallpox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paramyxo, (-)ssRNA, env
fatal acute respiratory tract infection
syncytia forming
low fever, tachypena and cardia, wheeze
ribavirn for severe and immunoglobulin for premies
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
Reoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Naked
Rotavirus |
|
|
Term
Retroviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand +
Helical symmetry
Replicates in nucleus
Envelope
Human T-cell leukemic type I & II, HIV |
|
|
Term
Rhabdoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single stand -
Helical symmetry (bullet shape)
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Rabies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus attachment protein for reoviruses (rotavirus) |
|
|
Term
Togaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members) |
|
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Rubella, WEE &EEE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus attachment protein for Rhinovirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpes-alpha, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
1/5 classic childhood diseaes
"dew drop on rose petal" rash (seen on scalp)
adult 1* infec--> interstitial pneumonia
syncytia forming virus
vaccine (live attenuated) give to children and elderly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alphaviruses, (+)ssRNA, env
vectors: aedes(E), culiseta, culex(W)
host: birds
decreased consciousness with enceph
chikungunya (arthritis)
vaccine for at risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adeno, linear dsDNA, nakid, icos, hemagglutinin
E1A and E1B inhibit pRN and p53
dense, intranuclear inclusion w/o cytomegaly
diarrhea in infants (type 40 and 42)
vaccine for type 4 and 7, give to military |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RSV, measles, mups, rubella, coxsackie B, rhino, adeno, B19, HSV-1, parainfluenza, coronavirus, influenxa A/B/C, VZV |
|
|
Term
amantadine, rimantadine
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: influenza A
step: penetration and uncoating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rabies, LCM, Lassa fever, hantavirus |
|
|
Term
antisense oligonucdleotides
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: papillomavirus
step: transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dengue, EEE, WEE, yellow fever, WNV, California encephalitis |
|
|
Term
arildone, disoxaril, plecornaril
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: picornavirus
step: penetration and uncoating |
|
|
Term
| viruses with birth canal transmission |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viruses with blood transmission |
|
Definition
| hep-C, hep-B, HTLV-1, HIV, CMV |
|
|
Term
| california encephalitis key features |
|
Definition
bunya, env, L/M/S segments, (-)ssRNA
vector:L aedes, culiseta
flu-like or encephalitis (50% seizures)
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corona, env, (+)ssRNA
2nd most cause of common cold
causes SARS (trans: aero, urine, stool, sweat; high fever, cramps, dizzy, diff breathing, diarrhea)
transmission through aero or fecal/oral even though env virus
optimal temp = 33-35*C
quarantine SARS pts
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
picorna, small, icos, (+)ssRNA, naked
binds to ICAM-1 and CD55
more severe in adults
vesicular lesion on uvula/soft palante
herpangia (anorexia), hand-foot-mouth disease, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
picorna, small, icos, (+)ssRNA, naked
bind to ICAM-1 and CD55
severe in infacnts, transplacental transmission possible
myocarditis, pleurodynia
looks like MI with a fever
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
| viruses with direct contact transmission (infected body fluids) |
|
Definition
| RSV, measles, mumps, Kaposi's, rhino, adeno, HPv, hep-A, roseola, CMV, EBV, parainfluenza, influenza A/B/C, VZV, HSV-2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
filo, filamentous, env, (-)ssRNA
severe/fatal hemorrhagic fever --> edema, hypovolemic shock
transmission: animal resevoirs, blood/body fluids, injection
90% mortality
Dx: BSL4
quarantine
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
picorna, small, icos, (+)ssRNA, naked
binds to CD55
aseptic meningitis is the worst case scenario
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: HIV
step: penetration and uncoating |
|
|
Term
| viruses with fecal/oral transmission |
|
Definition
| noro, rota, hep-A, hep-E, adeno, coxsackie A/B, polio |
|
|
Term
foscarnet
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
pyrophosphate analog
non-nucleotide RT inhibitor
Tx for HIV and CMV retinitis |
|
|
Term
| viruses with genetic transmission |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus attachment protein for HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus attachment protein for EBV |
|
|
Term
guanidine
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: picornavirus
step: RNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bunya, env, L/M/S segments, (-)ssRNA
vector: rodents (close contact/aerosol)
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (interstitial edema, death via resp failure)
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral attachment protein
binds to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface receptors
promotes fusion of viral envelope to cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interferon-alpha, ribavirin |
|
|
Term
heparan, dextran sulfate
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: HIV, HSV
step: attachment to cell |
|
|
Term
hydrophobic substrate analogues
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: HIV
step: assembly |
|
|
Term
imiquimod, resiquimod, CpG oliogeoxygnucleotides
(immune activation mechanism) |
|
Definition
bind TLRS, stimulate release of cytokines
activate NK cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
orthomyxo, env, (-)ssRNA, 8 segments
antigenic drifts and shifts (mainly type A)
steal methylated cap from cell mRNA
HA and NA antigenes, Abs are protective
vaccine, annual 2 type A, 1 type B |
|
|
Term
| inhibit cellular protein synthesis |
|
Definition
| polioviruses, HSV, togaviruses, and poxviruses |
|
|
Term
| inhibit cellular protein synthesis and degrades cellular DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
interferon
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: Hep-A, B, and C; papillomavirus
step: transcription, protein synthesis
endogenous or exogenous
relapse after tx stopped |
|
|
Term
interferon, ampligen, poly rI:rC
(immune activation mechanism) |
|
Definition
| exogenous interferons or induce interferon production |
|
|
Term
isatin-Beta-thiosemicarbazone
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: poxvirus
step: induces mRNA degradation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
characteristic of HPV
enlarged keratinocytes with clear haloes around shrunken nuclei |
|
|
Term
| maternal-neonatal transmission |
|
Definition
| rubella, CMV, B19, echovirus, HSV, VZV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paramyxo, only 1 serotype, (-)ssRNA, env
syncytial forming, combined HA and NA form protein
3C's: cough, coryza, conjunctiva; photophobia, maculopapular rash; Koplick spots
complications: SSPE and giant cell pneumonia
lifelong immunity after recovery
MMR vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paramyxo, (-)ssRNA, env
bilateral parotitis, testes inflamation, fever
50% chance of meninge involvment
only one serotype
MMR vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glycoprotein
cleaves sialic acid
prevents virion clumping and facilitates the release of virus from infected cells |
|
|
Term
neutralizzing antibodies
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: most viruses
step: attachment to cell |
|
|
Term
| non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (list) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
nonoxynol-9
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: HIV, HSV
step: virion integrity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
noro, (+)ssRNA, naked
includes Norwalk, norwalk-like, calciviruses and more
six-point star, cup-indentations, or ragged outline cells
cruise ships
blunt villi, cytoplasmic vacuolations
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
nucleoside analogues
(list) |
|
Definition
| ACV, AZT, GCV, valacyclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, adefovir, cidovovir, adenosine arabinoside, lamivudine, ddE, ddI, idoxuridine, trifluidine |
|
|
Term
nucleoside analogues
(target virus, step stopped)
two methods |
|
Definition
target: herpesviridae, HIV, hepatitis B, poxvirus
step: DNA replication (polymerase)
2nd target: HSV, VZV
2nd step: nucleoside scavenging (thymidine kinase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CMV histologic characteristic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parainfluenza key features |
|
Definition
paramyxo, (-)ssRNA, env
#2 cause of URT infection in kids
laryngeotracheobronchitis (croup)
synytia forming
"seal bark" and "subglottal narrowing"
tx: nebulizer
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
peptide analongues
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: HIV
step: attachment to cell (gp120/CD4 recetor) |
|
|
Term
phosphonoformate, phosphoacetic acid
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: herpes viruses
step: DNA replication (polymerase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
picorna, small, naked, (+)ssRNA, icos
attach to cell via PVR/CD155
asymptomatic, abortive poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, or paralytic polio
postpolio syndrome
asymmetric motor loss with no sensory loss
vaccine, erad in WestHemi, IPV and OPV forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rhabdo, env, bullet-shape, (-)ssRNA
hydrophobia, focal/generalized sezeisures, hallucinations, disoriented, paralysis
Negri bodies
non much inflammatory response
long incubation
vaccine: for animals and at-risk (workers, lab, endemic travel) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
picorna, icos, small, (+)ssRNA, naked
most important cause of common cold and URT infections
infection can be initiated with 1 virion particle
runny nose due to bradykinin and histamine release by immune
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
ribavirin
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: RSV, lassa fever virus, hantavirus
step: nuscleoside biosynthesis
safety concerns (carcinogenic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(reovirus), 10-12 segments, dsRNA, naked, db capsid
cause human infantile gastroenteritis
cause 50% of diarrhea in kids (dehydrated hospitalized)
intermediate/infectious subviral particle (ISVP) = VAP
NSP4 acts as toxin
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
toga, (+)ssRNA, env, 1 serotype
1/5 childhood diseases
aka German measles
transplacental trans --> birth defects (cataracts, mental retardation, deafness)
MMR vaccine |
|
|
Term
saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: HIV
step: protease inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hep-B, HIV, HTLV-1, Kaposi's HSV-2, HPV, |
|
|
Term
| smallpox (variola) key features |
|
Definition
poxvirus, largest, brick-shape, linear dsDNA
replicates in cytoplasm (carries necessary poylmerases)
characteristic rash
vaccine, give to suspectible, reduced administration since 1980 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adenovirus fibers, reovirus NSP4 protein |
|
|
Term
| transplacental transmission |
|
Definition
| HIV, coxsackie B, B19, CMV |
|
|
Term
tromantadine
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: HSV
step: penetration and uncoating |
|
|
Term
| tumorogenic: continual stimulation of cell growth due to damage induced by presence of virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumorogenic: encodes growth-promoting cytokines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumorogenic: proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes |
|
Definition
| papillomavirus, SV40 virus, and adenovirus |
|
|
Term
| tumorogenic: stimulates cell growth by bcl-2 inductionh |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumorogenic: transactivates genes for growth-stimulating cytokines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| virus vectors for vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viruses that cause syncytia |
|
Definition
| HSV, VZV, paramyxoviruses, HIV |
|
|
Term
| viruses with anti-viral treatments |
|
Definition
| HSV, VZV, CMV, HIV, influenza A and B, RSV, hep-B and hep-C, paillomavirus, picornavirus |
|
|
Term
| viruses with week or less incubation time |
|
Definition
| influenza, common cold, bronchiolitis (croup), adenoviruses, dengue, herpes simplex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flavi, (+)ssRNA, env
vector = culex, host = birds
fever encephalitis, hepatits
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
| yellow fever key features |
|
Definition
flavi, (+)ssRNA, env
vector = aedes, host = human/monkey
causes hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever
degen of liver, kidney, and heart
black vomit
live vaccine for at risk, cross-acting, lifelong |
|
|
Term
zanamivir (relenza), oseltamvir (tamiflu)
(target virus, step stopped) |
|
Definition
target: influenza
step: budding of progeny (inhibits neuraminidase) |
|
|
Term
| zoonoses (animal/insect) transmission |
|
Definition
| togaviruses (alpha), flaviviruses, bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, hantaviruses, rabies, influenza A, pox |
|
|
