Term
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Definition
| Studied Rabies in dogs. difference between affect of live virus and "dead" virus |
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Term
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Definition
| 1892, tabacco mosaic plant, infective bacteria free filtrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1898, also tobacco mosaic plant, named substance that caused the disease "virus" |
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Term
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Definition
| 1898, discovered first animal virus, foot and mouth disease |
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Term
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Definition
| 1911, chicken tumors when filtered will pass to another chicken |
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Term
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Definition
| 1933, cottontail rabbits, skin papaloma, when filtered, transferable in rabbits |
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Term
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Definition
| showed that virus could kill bacteria, published work in NYtimes on bacteriaphage, antibiotic |
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Term
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Definition
| 1935, crystalized a virus, viruses cant be cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Labeled nucleic acid and protein, let attach to bacteria, strained for what was inside: Nucleic Acid |
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Term
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Definition
| 1976, sequenced entire bacteriaphage |
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Term
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Definition
Stanley: could be crystalized = dead
Hershey & Chase: used viruses to define living |
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Term
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Definition
| independent unit of integrated and interdependent structures & functions |
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Term
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Definition
| the unit element of a continuous lineage with an individual evolutionary history |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex set of processes resulting from the actuation of the instructions encoded in the genome |
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Term
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Definition
| refers only to structure of virus, does not exist in the cell because structure has been lost |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is the basis of life, it is replicated to make more DNA, it is transcribed to make mRNA and it is then translated to make proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| is encoded by virus, called capsid, 3-50 species of protein |
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Term
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Definition
| protecting nucleic acid from degradation, getting virus into a cell, specificity of attachment, packaging or condensation of nucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid bilayer, not coded by virus, |
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Term
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Definition
| not made by virus, glycosylated proteins, spikes or peplomers, attachment to cells |
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Term
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Definition
| any structure having more than one axis about which it can be rotated and have an identical structure: icoshedral |
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Term
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Definition
| 5:3:2 symmetry. 20 triangular faces, 12 vertices, 30 sides. very strong |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| round or threadlike appearance, subunits appear as a spiral around nucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Electron microscopy: shadow casting, negative staining, thin sectioning, freeze fracture. Also: X-ray diffraction |
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Term
| Characteristics for Classification |
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Definition
| Disease symptoms (older), morphology (size, shape), physiochemical properties (pH), lipids & carbohydrates, genome organization and replication, antigenic properties, biological properties (host range, transmission). |
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Term
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Definition
Order -virales
Family -viridae
Subfamily -virinae
Genera -virus |
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Term
| Naming Herpes simplex 1 virus |
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Definition
Family: Poxviridae
– Genus: Orthopoxvirus
– Species: variola
– Family: Herpesviridae
– Subfamily: Alphaherpesvirinae
– Genus: Simplexvirus
– Species: human herpesvirus 1 |
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Term
| Why we might use eggs as a system to propagate virus |
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Definition
– to get large amounts of virus (influenza)
– to assay for viruses (pox viruses)
– to isolate viruses (some enteroviruses)
– to detect unknown viruses
– to produce vaccines (measles) |
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Term
| Why we might use mice as a system to propagate virus |
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Definition
To isolate virus: difference between newborn, suckling, and adult mice
to titrate virus
often used as models for human disease |
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Term
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Definition
| 1949, grew poliovirus on cell culture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why we would use cell culture to propagate virus |
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Definition
to isolate virus
To produce more
to make vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
Primary, Diploid, continuous
Primary: Came directly from tissue. most accurate, but difficult to get
Diploid: Arises from primary, not immortal, accurate
Continuous: immortal cell lines, from tumor cells or primary, not accurate |
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Term
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Definition
Direct: Electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy
Light: pathology, cytopathology, CPE, Hemadsorption |
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Term
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Definition
1) with antibody: RIA, Elisa, fluorescent, complement fixation, western blot, neutralization
2) Hemagluttination |
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Term
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Definition
| RIA, Elisa, fluorescent antibody, complement fixation, neutralization, Hemagluttination- inhibition (HAI) |
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Term
| Detection of Viral Nucleic Acid |
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Definition
nucleic acid hybridization: southern blot, dot blot, in situ, microchip
PCR, Restriction Endonuclease digestion, assays for enzyme activity |
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Term
| Purification of Viruses: Differential ________ |
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Definition
| Centrifugation: High speed then low speed, |
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Term
| Purification of Viruses: ______ out |
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Definition
| Salting Out: ammonium sulfate or polyethylene glycol |
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Term
| Purification of Viruses: ____-____ Sedimentaion |
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Definition
| Rate-Zonal Sedimentation: particle buoyant density, size and shape |
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Term
| Purification of Viruses: Equilibrium Density of ______ Sedimentation |
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Definition
| Isopycnic Sedimentation: separate based on density, Cs salts |
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Term
| Purification of Viruses: Crystalization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hemagluttination, Direct Particle Counts, Infectivity Assays |
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Term
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Definition
| Plaque Assays, Transformation Assays, Pock Counts |
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Term
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Definition
| End Point Titrations: Does not determine the number of virus particles present, but if there are any at all. End point is when 50% of host infected |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteinaceous Infectious, Bovine spongiform encephalopathies, CJD, Slow progressive neurological degeneration, alters existing surface proteins in CNS |
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