Term
| What is the number one cause of outpatient visitis in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pulmonary syndrome is fatal in >50% of the cases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What seperates the lower respiratory tract from the upper? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is the most common cause of the common cold? What is the second most common? |
|
Definition
first common is rhinovirus
then the coronoavirus |
|
|
Term
| Why is it difficult to produce a vaccine to the rhinovirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cellular interaction between the rhinovirus and the respiratory epithelial cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What group of viruses does the rhinovirus fall under? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rhinovirus resitant to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what temperature does the rhinovirus replicate at and why is this important? |
|
Definition
| at 33 C and is important because the nose is slightly less than body temperature so this is an optimal spot to replicate |
|
|
Term
| When time of year is the rhinovirus most prevalent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the adenovirus associated with as far as diseases it causes? |
|
Definition
| pharyngitis and lower respiratory tract infections |
|
|
Term
| What does the adenovirus use to attach to host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is true of the envelope in the adenovirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the adenovirus spread that differs from the rhinovirus? |
|
Definition
| adenovirus can spread fecal oral |
|
|
Term
| What three common clinical presentations can adenovirus cause? |
|
Definition
| conjunctivitis, pharyngitis and pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Where does the adenovirus persist in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the adenovirus resistant to (2)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When during the year is adenovirus common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus causes SARS and is the second leading causie of the common cold? What else can it cause? |
|
Definition
Coronavirus
in addition to common cold and SARS it also causes GI infections |
|
|
Term
| What allows the coronavirus to interact with other cells? |
|
Definition
| peplomeric glycoprotien E2 |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of SARS? |
|
Definition
| flu like symptoms and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What is the fatality rate in SARS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the source of SARS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who should we watch for concerning SARS? |
|
Definition
| individuals with pneumonia on XRAY with travel history to east or work in labs |
|
|
Term
| What class is the human metapneumovirus a part of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is the human metapneumovirus like? |
|
Definition
| respiratory syncitial virus |
|
|
Term
| What respiratory viruses are caused by the paramyxoviruses? (3) |
|
Definition
Human Syncitial Virus
Human Parainfluenza virus
Human metapneumovirus |
|
|
Term
| What respiratory viruse is orthomyxoviruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is true of the orothomyxoviruses H and N glycoproteins compared to the paramyxoviruses? |
|
Definition
| they are on different glycoprotiens compared to the paramyxoviruses which are on the same glycoprotein |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes are their in the influenza and how many glycoproteins do they code for? |
|
Definition
| 8 chromosomes coding for 10 glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Where is the fusion protein located in the orthomyxovirus? |
|
Definition
| on the same glycoprotein as H |
|
|
Term
| Which serotypes of influenza acutaly cause serious illness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why don't serotypes B and C of influenza cause as much problem today? |
|
Definition
| they are so ancient that they have reached equilibrium in humans |
|
|
Term
| What does hemaglutanin do? |
|
Definition
| it is responsible for docking to sialic acid on the host cell |
|
|
Term
| What does neuraminidase do? |
|
Definition
| it is responsible for cleaving the bonds made by hemaglutanin (antagonist) so the new viruses can bud off |
|
|
Term
| What glycoproteins determine the antigenic specificity in influenza? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more drastic, antigenic shift or drift? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are antigenic drifts acomplished? |
|
Definition
| by single mutations (deletions, insertions) of the nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| How is antigenic shift accomplished? |
|
Definition
| by rearranging the genome within a single host usually a bird or pig that affects the H or N |
|
|
Term
| What are the seasonal influenza strains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has to be true of any antigenic shift or drift in order to cause disease? |
|
Definition
| it has to viable in humans |
|
|
Term
| Where do the respiratory viruses caused by ortho or paramyxoviruses replicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the incubation periods for
influenza?
Human Parainfluenza virus?
Respiratory Syncitial Virus? |
|
Definition
influenza : 1-4 days
Human parainfluenza: 1-7 days
Respiratory Syncitial: 1-5 days |
|
|
Term
| What is a common cause of death in influenza virus? |
|
Definition
| post viral pneumonia with strept, h. influenza, or Psuedomonas |
|
|
Term
| When is a diagnosis of flu suspected? |
|
Definition
| w/ symptoms of flu and it being documented in area |
|
|
Term
| How can you rapidly dx influenza? |
|
Definition
| nasopharyngeal swab and detection of viral antigens by PCR |
|
|
Term
| How much of an increase in viral antibody titer is needed to make a lab dx of influenza? |
|
Definition
| 4 fold rise in antibody titer |
|
|
Term
| What are Amantadine and Rimantadine only active against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA for amantadine and ramantadine? |
|
Definition
| inhibit viral replication |
|
|
Term
| What other disease are amantadine and rimantadine useful in due to dopamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What strain is resistant to ramantadine and amantadine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the neuraminidase inhibitor medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What strain of influenza is resistant to Oseltamivir?
What neuraminidase is it still sensitive to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who do you want to vaccinate for influenza with the inactived compound? (8) |
|
Definition
>50
immunocompromised
pregnant
chronic illness
>6months-18y/o
health care workers
caregivers
nursing home residents |
|
|
Term
| What patients is the live attenuated influenza flumist contraindcated for? What age group is it approved for? |
|
Definition
2-49 y/o it is indicated for
contraindicated for pregnant, immunocompromised, asthma, aspirin therapy |
|
|
Term
| What age group does the live attenuated flumist work best in? Children or adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the avian flu normally not infect humans? |
|
Definition
| receptor specificity barrier |
|
|
Term
| Avian flu has increasing resistance to what drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many serotypes to the human parainfluenza virus? Which are associated with disesae |
|
Definition
| 4, 1-3 are associated with disease |
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with HPIV1 and HPIV2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with HPIV3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the first and second most common respiratory tract diseases in young children? |
|
Definition
1. REspiratory syncitial virus
2. human parainfluenza virus |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of human parainfluenz virus? |
|
Definition
| sore throat, nasal congestion, malaise (cold like symptoms) |
|
|
Term
| What virus that infects children presents with cold-like symptoms other than the common cold causing viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TRUE/FALSE: both human parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncitial virus do not cause viremia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is true of the duration of immunity in HPIV? |
|
Definition
| it is transient due to IgG |
|
|
Term
| What are the effective antibodies for HPIV against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which virus class has the following glycoproteins?
HF and N?
HN and F?
|
|
Definition
HF and N is orthomyxovirus
HN and F is paramyxovirus |
|
|
Term
| How can both HPIV and RSV be dx rapidly? |
|
Definition
| with viral specific antigens by immunoflurescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supportive
There is no vaccine or antiviral |
|
|
Term
| What antiviral drug can be used to treat respiratory syncytial virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of lower and upper respiratory tract llness in infants and children worldwide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of illness does RSV cuase in infants and young children? |
|
Definition
| bronchiolitis or pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Are there any vaccines for RSV or HPIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What passive immunity options are there for RSV? |
|
Definition
IV IG
or monoclonal antibody |
|
|
Term
| What is Palivizumab used for to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What patients do you want to give passive immunity to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What glycoprotien is palivizumab active against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age group is RSV IVIG recommended for? |
|
Definition
| <2 y/o with chornic lung disorder or premature birth |
|
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