Term
| disease mechanisms for HSV |
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Definition
1. infection by direct contact
2. establishes latency in neurons: trigeminal - HSV1, sacral - HSV2
3. reactivated by stress, immune suppression
4. cell-mediated immunity needed for resolution of infection
5. immune response contributes to symptoms
6. CSF for PCR analysis - speed is important! start therapy asap |
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Term
| disease mechanisms for VZV |
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Definition
1. transmitted by respiratory droplets or direct contact
2. virus establishes latent infection in a variety of spinal ganglia; reactivates following depressed immune response |
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Term
| treatments for herpesvirus infections |
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Definition
1. acyclovir and its derivatives stop synthesis of viral DNA specifically
2. Foscarnet for ACV-resistant strains: acts on DNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
1. zoster vaccine is available for those >60
2. live attenuated, one shot, 2/3 will not have PHN (post-herpetic neuralgia) |
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Term
| genera in Picornavirus family |
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Definition
1. enterovirus (meningitis, poliomyelitis)
2. rhinoviruses
3. hepatitis A |
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Term
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Definition
1. echovirus
2. coxsackie virus
3. enterovirus
4. poliovirus |
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Term
| enterovirus gene expression |
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Definition
-positive strand of RNA
-makes one large polyprotein and one proteinase to cleave it
*protease inhibitor could prevent/treat picornovirus illnesses |
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Term
| advantages of poliovirus vaccine |
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Definition
1. OPV (live attenuated): effective, long-lasting immunity, induction of secretory antibody, spread of attenuated virus from person to person - indirect immunisation
2. IPV (killed): effective, stable, safe in immunocompromised, cannot cause disease |
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Term
| disadvantages of polio vaccine |
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Definition
1. OPV: risk of vaccine-associated oliomyelitis, spread of vaccine to contacts without consent, not safe in immunocompromised, storage - must be kept cold
2. IPV: no secretory antibody, booster shots needed to maintain immunity, higher community immunisation levels required bc no spread of vaccine to contacts |
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Term
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Definition
1. virus inoculated (bite, aerosol)
2. viral replication in muscle
3. virion enters peripheral nervous system
4. passive ascent via sensory fibers
5. replication in dorsal ganglion
6. rapid ascent in spinal cord
7. infection of spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum
8. descending infection via nervous system to eye, salivary glands, skin and other organs
*virus is bullet shaped |
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Term
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Definition
1. zoonosis with long incubation period - cannot spread from person to person (does not grow well enough in saliva)
2. vector: bats, wild animals, unvaccinated dogs and cats
3. travelers, veterinarians, animal handlers
4. skunks, raccoons, bats, foxes - sometimes cattle from bite |
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Term
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Definition
safe but expensive, can be given post-exposure
pre-exposure - 3 shots (0,7,21 days)
post-exposure - 5 shots (0,3,7,14,28d), 2 if vaccinated (0,3)
give with rabies antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
1. Eastern Equine encephalitis
2. Chickungunya in India |
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Term
|
Definition
1. West Nile Fever
2. St. Louis Encephalitis - sporadic cases, can be confused with WNF
3. Japanese encephalitis
4. Tick-borne encephalitis: Asia/Europe |
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Term
| West Nile Virus clinical picture |
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Definition
-headache usually brings patient into doctor
-fever, fatigue, altered mental status, headache
-no vaccine, no antiviral agent |
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Term
| toga/alpha and flavivirus pathogenesis |
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Definition
blood born infection acquired from mosquito, usually have to be infected by multiple mosquitos
target organs are brain, liver, blood |
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Term
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Definition
caused by prions, protein products of a cellular gene that are resistant to autoclaving
-agents are impervious to disinfection procedures
-long incubation period (eg 30yrs)
-transmission through infected tissue or genetically |
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