acceleration

p95

aftershock

p95

amplitude

p88

base isolation

p103

body wave

p88

cross section

p82

dip

p 82

dip-slip fault

p83

fault

p79

footwall

p83

foreshock

p95

fracture

p79

frequency

p88

granite

p89

hanging wall

p83

hertz (Hz)

p88

hypocenter

p84

inertia

p86

joint

p82

law of original continuity

p80

law of original horizontality

p80

law of superposition

p80

left-lateral fault

p84

magnitude

p92

mainshock

p95

map

p82

normal fault

p83

period

p88

permeability

p82

primary (P) wave

p88

resonance

p97

retrofit

p103

reverse fault

p83

right-lateral fault

p84

secondary (S) wave

p89

seism

p86

seismic wave

p88

seismogram

p91

seismograph

86

seismology

p86

seismometer

p86

stress

p79

strike

p82

strike-slip fault

p84

surface wave

p88

transform fault

p85

wavelength

p88

flank collapse

def. - the whole side of an oceanic colcano breaks off and falls into the sea

.in reference to landslide-caused tsunami

.there have been at least 70 flank collapses from the Hawaiian Islands in the last 20 million years

.similar history for Canary Islands

def. - oscillating waves that slosh back and for within an enlosed boy of water such as a sea, bay, lake, or swimming pool

.in reference to Hebgen Lake, Montana, 17 August 1959

.causes are earthquakes, winds, landslides 

blind thrust

def. - thrust faults which do not reach the surface

.in reference to thrust fault earthquakes in southern california

coal

def. - organic material

.in reference to how dates of prehistoric earthquakes can be determined by analyzing amounts of radioactive carbon in organic material (e.g. logs, twigs, leaves, and coal) in the sediment layers

directivity

def. - phenomenon where a rupture moving along a fault sends more energy in the direction it is moving

Think dominos!

.in reference to Landers, California, 1992 and how the triggered effects all occured north of the northward-moving fault 

friction

def. - retards movement

.in reference to old elastic-rebound theory where rocks do not move because of stress immediately due to strong interlocking bonds with friction that retards movement 

global postitioning system (GPS)

. involves using satellite measurements of ground movement 

.in reference to Los Angeles region is experiencing a compressive shortening yearly (how we know this)

liquefaction

def. - process of underground water and loose sediment flowing as fluids

.in reference to the Marina District in San Franciso (1989)... liquefaction of artificial-fill foundations occured and resulted in property damage. Liquefaction also brought to the surface pieces of glass, tar paper, redwood, and other debris from the 1906 San Fran earthquake

neotectonics

def. -technique used to read earthquake history in sediments

neo meaning "young"

def. -technique which involves reading sediments to make inferences about earthquake history

paleo meaning "ancient"

photosynthesis

def.- process in which carbon dioxide exchanged with atmosphere

.in reference to carbon dating- the percentage of radioactive carbon in a plant or animal is the same as that of the atmosphere during the organisms lifetime. The radioactive carbon in the plant or animal, once it dies, decays ... (the whole dating earthquakes process)

slurry

def. - a thin mixture of an insoluble substance, as cement, clay, or coal, with a liquid, as water or oil

. in reference to Marina district of San Francisco (1989). What was formed when sediment foundation mixed with water. 

def. - where the horizontal slabs of rock (hanging wall) move up inclined fault surfaces, thus narrowing valleys and ublifting mountains

[image][image]

avalanche

166

embayment

171

failed rift

176

fracture zone

179

harmonic tremor

180

quicksand

178

scarp

169

seamount

179