Term
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Definition
| we find inorganic and organic compounds that are reactive and interactive, store and release energy, structurally strong are catalyst |
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Term
| What are the inorganic compounds |
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Definition
water, salts, acids, bases, buffer
CO2, CO3, CO |
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Term
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Definition
| polar molecule: electron hover around oxygen nucleus more |
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Term
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Definition
| absorb/lose heat; good for tempering effect in internal and external environmental changes |
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Term
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Definition
| polarity allows ions to dissolve in the water |
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Term
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Definition
| hydration and synthesis reaction, water used to breakdown products, removed during synthesis reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| ionic compounds with cations other than H+ and anions other than OH- |
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Term
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Definition
ions; conduct current
anions is negatively charged
cations is positively charged |
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Term
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Definition
proton H+ donor- dissociate in water
weak acids- do not completely dissociate
strong acids- completely dissociate |
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Term
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Definition
proton (H+) acceptor
hdroxyl ion
weak bases- weak proton acceptors
strong bases- strong acceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon + Hydrogen + oxygend 1:2:1 |
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Term
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Definition
| one chain or ring ribose, glucose, fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 rings joined; glucose and fructose to make sucrose, maltose, lactose |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 or more sugars: starch, cellulose, glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
| fuel for working muscles and organs |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of O is much lower than carbohydrates; also some phosphorus |
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Term
Neutral fats
glycerol
fatty acids |
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Definition
triglycerides
3 carbon
long carbon chains |
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Term
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Definition
| no C-C double bonds, plaque formation and cardiovascular disease |
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Term
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Definition
| at least one carbon double bond |
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Term
| True or false, triglycerides are non polar covalent bond and don't dissolve in aqueous solutions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
one fatty acid chain replaced by phosphate group
polar
interact with aqueous envrionemnt
**to change polarity and function of triglycerides add phopshate in place of fatty acid chain |
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Term
| Steroids (type of steroid) |
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Definition
flat 4 hydrocarbon rings
cholesterol- membranes, bile slats, vitamin D and steorid hormones (estrogen, testosterone) |
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Term
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Definition
lipid
20 carbon; prostaglandins found in inflammation, bloodclotting, labor...drugs inhibit production of prostaglandin |
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Term
Proteins
elements make up proteins |
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Definition
| Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen and Nitrogen* |
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Term
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Definition
| building blocks of protein; 20 |
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Term
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Definition
| amino end of one amino acid joins with acid end of 2nd amino acid. forms peptide bond |
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Term
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Definition
alpha helix, beta sheet folding of protein due to amino acid chain arrangement
alpha helix is coil of primary chain; stabilized by hydrogen bonds
Beta sheets linked side by side through hydrogen bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| helix/sheet folds over itself glob structure; enzymes' allows proximity of protein |
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Term
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Definition
aggregation of two or more polypeptide chains
hemoglobin
4 different subunits in 1 protein --> non functional if pull apart different subunits |
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Term
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Definition
strand like; collagen, elastin, keratin,
structureal
important in tensile strength
skin cells have a lot of this |
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Term
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Definition
| spherical protein ; functional=enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of structure of the protein, heat or too much acid |
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Term
Enzymes
cofactor
coenzyme |
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Definition
characteristic- globular protein catalyst
small molecule need for enzyme to function effectively; Mg 2+ and Ca 2+
large organic cofactor; vitamin |
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Term
Mechanisms of enzyme activity
activation energy
substrate
active site |
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Definition
activation energy - energy needed to bring two molecules into reaction
substrate- bind to enzyme; reactnats
active site- where reactant bind to enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
heat shock proteins
assist protein folding during synthesis
prevent incorrect folding
aid association process
translocation of protein across cell membranes
promote breakdown of damaged denatured protein |
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Term
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Definition
C,H,O,N,P*
sugar (ribose/deoxyribose) nitrogen base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil) phosphate group |
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Definition
| nucleus and mitochondrion |
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Definition
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Definition
| stable (not degrade easily( |
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Term
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Definition
| TEMPLATE for protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
sugart deoxyribose bases: ATCG
phosphate backbone= sugar phosphate |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protein synthesis; mRNA, rRNA, amino acid carrier (tRNA) |
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Term
elements
complementary bases RNA |
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Definition
sugar: ribose, bases AGCU
A:U
C:G |
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Term
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Definition
nucletoide with 2 additional phosphate groups
main energy currency for body |
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