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| The revolutionary government of the city of Paris, first in teh 1790s then in 1871 |
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| 19th century school of painting originating in France that emphasized capturing on canvas light as the eye sees it |
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| Advocation of a Jewish nation state in response to European anti-Semitism |
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| When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on the same production path. ie manufacturer owns its supplier or distributer |
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| The acquisition of additional activities that are at the same level of the value chain in similar or differetn industries. ie auto manufacturer acquires a truck manufacturer |
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| The political upheaval in France that accompanied the unjust 1894 conviction of Jewish army officer Alfred Dreyfus as a German spy |
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| Between the House of Lords and House of Commons; Removed the right of Lords to veto money bills and reduced the maximum term in Parliament from 7 to 5 |
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| 20th century philosophy asserting that individuals are responsible for their own values and meanings in an indifferent universe |
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| "majority faction;" the Leninist wing of the Russian Marxist Party. After 1917, the Communist Party |
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| 1859 text by Charles Darwin setting forth his theory of evolution and natural selection. |
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| Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) |
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| Augustinian monk adn botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics |
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| Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) |
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| English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies |
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| Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) |
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| German philosopher, poet, composer who wrote on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science. Empasized the world now vs the world beyond |
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| aka the First Vatican Council; declared Papal Infallibility - the pope cannot err when teaching in matters of faith or morals |
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| Theodore Hertzel (1860-1904) |
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| Austrian correspondent during the Dreyfus Affair and founder of Zionism |
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| 19th century rejection of Romanticism; cultural style that attempted to examine society as it really is |
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| Women seeking the right to vote through organized protests in late 19th and early 20th centuries |
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| Bismarck's fight against the Catholic Church in Germany during the 1870s |
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| Revolutionary Syndicalism |
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| Radical political movement that advocated bringing industry and government under the control fo federations of labor |
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| Russian anarchist and writer; 1st an ally then opponent of Karl Marx |
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| Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928) |
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| British political activist adn leader of the British suffragette movement |
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