Term
| 1. What structures make up the upper respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| The nostrils, nasal passages, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), and the trachea (wind pipe) |
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Term
| 2. What structures make up the lower respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| Bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli |
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Term
| 3. What are the primary functions of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| To bring O2 into the body and to carry CO2 out of it |
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Term
| 5. Describe the lining of the nasal cavity. |
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Definition
| The lining of the nasal cavity consist of pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia projecting from the cell surfaces up into a layer of mucus that is secreted by many mucous glands and goblet cells. The cilia beat back toward the pharynx (throat). |
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Term
| 6. What is the purpose of the pleural membrane and pleural fluid? |
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Definition
| Pleural fluid – the transudate fluid secreted by the serous membranes of the pleural cavity. It helps to lubricate the lungs during respiration |
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Term
| 7. Describe the mediastinum and what is contained in this space |
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Definition
| The mediastinum is the area between the lungs. It contains mostof the rest of the thoracic contents, such as the heart, lg blood vessels, nerves, trachea, esophagus, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Inspiration is the process of drawing air into the lungs, what we call inhalation. The basic mechanism for inspiration is enlargement of the volume of the thoracic cavity by the inspiratory muscles. The lungs follow the enlargement passively and air is drawn into them through the respiratory passageways.. the main inspiratory muscles are the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expiration is the process of pushing air out of the lungs – what we call exhalation. The basic mechanism is the opposite of inspiration in that the size of the thoracic cavity is decreased. This compresses the lungs and pushes air through the respiratory passageways. The main expiratory muscles are the internal intercostals muscles and the abdominal muscles |
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Term
| 11. Define gas exchange and describe where it occurs |
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Definition
| Gas exchange is the diffusion of gas molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration that occurs in the alveoli |
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Term
| 12. What 2 gasses are exchanged in the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tubing from an O2 tank or an anesthetic machine is placed in front of the pt’s mouth and a high flow rate (3 – 15 L/min) of O2 is provided. This yields inspired O2 concentration (FiO2) of approx 40% |
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Term
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Definition
| – O2 provided by mask provides up to 50% FiO2, but is often not well tolerated by dyspneic pts. In order to avoid accumulation of exhaled air w/in the mask, high flow rates are essential (at least 100 mL/kg/min) |
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Term
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Definition
| an oversized E collar is worn and clear plastic wrap is placed over the bottom 2/3 of the collar. Supply line for o2 under pt’s chin, with a flow rate of 2 – 6 L/min, At least 60 FiO2 can be provided with this method. No more than 2/3 collar covered to prevent build-up of heat, humidity, and CO2. esp effective in pts that are panting or mouth breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| topical anes applied and largest possible (3.5 – 8 French) soft feeding tube catheter is inserted in to the ventral nasal meatus to the level of the medial conthus of the eye. Catheter fixed in place with staples or tissue glue and O2 admin at 50 – 100 mL/kg/minute to achieve 40 – 80% FiO2. minimally stressful |
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Term
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Definition
| even with very high flows of O2, it will take more than 20 minutes to achieve an FiO2 greater than 50% using an O2 cage or chamber. As well, access to the pt for hands-on exam/tx is limited. |
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