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Veterinary Chemotherapy Drugs
Veterinary Chemotherapy Drugs
40
Pharmacology
Graduate
01/10/2012

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Cards

Term
Name the 3 main growth classes of cells that comprise a tumor
Definition
1. dividing
2. temporarily non-dividing
3. permanently non-dividing
Term
chemotherapy kills a constant _________ of cells not a constant _______.
Definition
proportion, number
Term
cell cycle phase specific drugs act within ___ phase(s) of the cell cycle
Definition
1 (a single)
Term
an agent that kills cells regardless of their phase in the cell cycle would be called a __________ drug. Its cytotoxicity relies on the cell ___________ or _____________.
Definition
cell cycle nonspecific, dividing, repairing its DNA
Term
the alkylating agent that is most important in veterinary medicine is ___________
Definition
cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)
Term
name the 6 major classes of anticancer drugs
Definition
1. alkylating agents
2. Antimetabolites
3. Antitumor antibiotics
4. Plant alkaloids
5. Adrenal corticosteroids
6. Miscellaneous
Term
describe the mechanism of action of alkylating agents
Definition
they create covalent cross linking between DNA strands upsetting normal base pair arrangements
Term
list the 3 alkylating agents most commonly used in veterinary medicine
Definition
1. cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)
2. chlorambucil (leukeran)
3.melphalan (alkeran)
Term
what cancers is cyclophosphamide used for?
Definition
lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma
Term
what cancers is chlorambucil (leukeran) used for?
Definition
lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Term
what cancers is melphalan (alkeran) used for?
Definition
multiple myeloma
Term
describe the mechanism of action of antimetabolites and if they are cell cycle phase specific or non-specific
Definition
these are structural analogues of normal metabolites needed for purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. they are cell cycle phase specific ( most active in S phase)
Term
list the 6 most commonly used antimetabolites used in veterinary medicine
Definition
1. cytosine arabinoside
2. methotrexate
3. 5-fluorouracil
4. 6-thioguanine
5. 6-mercaptopurine
6. azathioprine
Term
what is cytosine arabinoside (cytosar-U) used to treat?
Definition
acute leukemia and lymphoma
Term
what is methotrexate (methotrexate) used to treat?
Definition
lymphoma, carcinoma
Term
what is 5-flurouracil (5-FU) used to treat?
Definition
carcinoma
Term
what is 6-thioguanine used to treat?
Definition
acute myelogenous leukemia
Term
what is 6-mercaptopurine (purinethol) used to treat?
Definition
leukemia
Term
what is azathioprine (imuran) used to treat?
Definition
immune mediated hematologic diseases
Term
methotrexate is an antimetabolite that binds _______ thereby restricting availability of __________ which is necessary for DNA, RNA and __________ synthesis
Definition
dihydrofolate reductase, tetrahydrofolic acid (folic acid), protein
Term
describe the mechanism of action for antitumor antibiotics. are the cell cycle phase specific or non-specific?
Definition
they intercalate adjoining nucleotide pairs thereby inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis. they are cell cycle phase non-specific.
Term
name the 3 antitumor antibiotic drugs most commonly used
Definition
1. doxorubicin (adriamycin)
2. bleomycin (blenoxane)
3. actinomycin D (dactinomycin)
Term
doxorubicin (adriamycin) is used to treat?
Definition
lymphoma, leukemia, carcinoma, sarcoma
Term
bleomycin (benoxane) is used to treat?
Definition
squamous cell carcinoma
Term
actinomycin D (dactinomycin) is used to treat?
Definition
lymphoma
Term
describe the mechanism of action of plant alkaloids and what plants they are extracted from
Definition
they damage the microtubular spindle proteins which results in metaphase arrest. they are produced from the periwinkle and may-apple plants.
Term
list the 4 most commonly used plant alkaloid drugs in chemotherapy
Definition
1. vincristine (oncovin)
2. vinblastine (velban)
3.vinorelbine (navelbine)
4. etoposide (VePesid)
Term
vincristine (oncovin) is used to treat?
Definition
lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma
Term
vinblastine (velban) is used to treat?
Definition
lymphoma, mast cell tumors
Term
vinorelbine (navelbine) is used to treat?
Definition
lung carcinoma
Term
etoposide (VePesid) is used to treat?
Definition
lymphoma, brains tumors
Term
the two main roles of corticosteroids in cancer therapeutics are:
Definition
1. direct destruction of tumor cells with steroid receptors
2. control of paraneoplastic syndromes such as immune mediated hemolytic anemia
Term
how do tumor cells that are destroyed by glucocorticoids undergo cell death?
Definition
by activation of endonucleases that disrupt nuclear DNA triggering apoptosis
Term
megesterol acetate (sex steroid) is occasionally used as an _________.
Definition
appetite stimulant
Term
describe the mechanism of action of cisplatin (platinol) and what cancers are treated with this. is it cell cycle phase specific or non-specific?
Definition
the platinum-chloride salt complex binds nucleotides resulting in inter and intrastrand crosslinking of DNA. it is used to treat osteosarcoma, carcinoma and lymphoma. it is cell cycle phase non-specific
Term
what is the mechanism of action of carboplatin, what does it treat and is it cell cycle phase specific or non specific?
Definition
same MOA as cisplatin (crosslinks DNA strands), used in osteosarcoma, carcinoma and lymphoma, used more than cisplatin now, used in cats, cell cycle phase non-specific
Term
describe the mechanism of action of L-asparaginase (Elspar) and what it treats
Definition
it converts plasma asparagine to aspartic acid blocking protein synthesis. treats lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia.
Term
describe the mechanism of action of DTIC (decarbazine, DTIC) and what it treats
Definition
it acts as a alkylating agent and antimetabolite. works on malignant melanoma and lymphoma whe combined with doxorubicin.
Term
what is metronomic dosing of chemotherapeutic agents and what are the two primary goals of this treatment technique?
Definition
this is the continuous administration of small doses of cytotoxic agents.
Goals: 1. anti-angiogenic effect 2. immunostimulatory effect
Term
name three indications for chemotherapy
Definition
1. primarily indicated for systemic and metastatic neoplasms
2. useful adjuvant treatment following incomplete excision
3. indicated for the control of micrometastatic disease following removal of tumor with know metastatic potential
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