Term
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Definition
is a barbiturate
require redistribution into tissues to be eliminated from body such as fat.
so should not be used in sight hounds |
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Term
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Definition
Actinomyces bovis=lumpy jaw
normal rumen flora |
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Term
| WHAT swine disease is a major worldwide cause of fetal death without signs of illness in the sow, and is controlled mainly by vaccination |
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Definition
| Porcine Parvovirus affects seronegative sows exposed during the first half of gestation. Affected sows may return to estrus, fail to farrow despite being anestrus, have small litters, or have a high proportion of mummies. Vaccines in the United States are inactivated. |
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Term
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Definition
innervates the temporalis and massetter muscles.
right trigeminal neuropathy causes atrophy of these muscles UNILATERALLY
masticatory myositis- affects the same muscles but is BILATERAL |
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Term
| When do the majority of abortions occur in cattle infected with Neospora |
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Definition
epizootic bovine abortion. foot hill abortion. Heifers tick vector=ornithodoros Coriaceus. early Embryonic death
4-6 months A firm diagnosis is based on histologic lesions which are found in the brain (and also other organs) and consist of scattered foci of nonsuppurative cellular infiltrates with occasional foci of necrosis
other causes of abortion tend to occur later in gestation (such as Brucella, Listeria, and leptospirosis |
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Term
| What is true about hernias in swine |
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Definition
inguinal hernias in pigs is heritable.
Both inguinal and umbilical hernias occur commonly in pigs.
Inguinal hernias occur more commonly in males than females, particularly after castration.
They can be unilateral or bilateral and occur more commonly on the left side.
Umbilical hernias occur in both sexes but are slightly more common in females. |
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Term
The livers have numerous white fibrous spots
coughing young pigs and a high rate of condemned livers at slaughter
The large (15 to 40 cm) roundworm lives in the small intestine after a migration of larvae through the liver and lung, causing pathology. The adults also reduce growth rates and feed efficiency. . |
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Definition
Ascaris suum
The kidney worm, Stephanurus dentatus, can also cause hepatic lesions |
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Term
Cushing response in a dog is characterized by ____?
Cerebral perfusion pressure= Mean arterial pressure - intracranial pressure or (CPP=MAP-ICP). |
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Definition
a cushing response is a compensatory mechanism that can be seen when there is markedly elevated intracranial pressure.
*intracranial hypertension results in decreased cerebral bld flow.
*in response to Co2 accumulation from decreased blood flow, the vasomotor center emits a sympathetic discharge, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction, which elevats the MAP to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure.
*the increased blood pressure sensed at baroreceptors results in a reflex bradycardia.
*the combination of hypetension and bradycardia in a decreasd consciousness patient should alert the clinician to the possibility of increased intracranial pressure and prompt aggressive treatment
hypertonic saline 3-5ml/kg over 10-15min used for resuscitation
mannitol 0.5-2.0 g/kg until euvolemia is restored
angle head uniformly 15-30 degrees above the body |
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Term
| What body systems are most affected in an anaphylactic reaction in a horse |
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Definition
| The correct answer is lungs and colon. These are referred to sometimes as the shock organs in the horse. When a horse undergoes an anaphylactic reaction from an allergen or chemical stimulus, the primary signs will be respiratory and lower GI and will include dyspnea or severe respiratory distress and diarrhea. Other common signs include anxiety, tachycardia, piloerection, and sweating. Treatment of anaphylactic shock usually includes injection with some combination of epinephrine, corticosteroids, and an antihistamine |
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Term
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Definition
| Blepharoptosis, also referred to as ptosis, is defined as an abnormal low-lying upper eyelid margin with the eye in primary gaze |
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Term
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Definition
| Your client's turkey developed nasal and ocular discharge, weight loss, inappetence, and then died. You performed a necropsy and found pneumonia, multifocal necrosis in the liver and spleen, and severe pericarditis. Histopathologic findings included many basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions found in the affected organs. What is the most likely cause of death? |
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Term
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Definition
banned in food animals
broad spectrum
esp. with anaerobic bacteria
used for infections in small ani and horses
for urinary, localized soft tissue infections
example for cats with uremic signs from CRF |
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Term
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Definition
| H2 receptor antagonist to reduce GI acid production |
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Term
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Definition
calcium channel blocker used most often for treating hypertension in cats.
peripheral arteriolar vasodilator
slight negative inotrope |
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Term
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Definition
*Anti-cholinergic
*dilates and inhibits accommodaion of the pupil
*preanesthetic to prevent respiratory tract secrections
*tx sinus bradycardia or SA arrest or incomplet AV block
*Antidote for overdose of cholinergic like:
*physostigmine
*mushroom
*carbamates
*blue-green algae intoxication
*organophosphates |
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Term
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Definition
| broadspectrum aminoglycoside esp. treatment of serious gram negative and anaerobic infections in most species. it is often used in settings where gentamicin-resistant bacteria are a clinical problem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug/NSAID
topical use in horses forlocal control of joint pain and inflammmation associated with osteoarthritis in tarsal carpal and metacarpophalangeal, metarsophalangeal and ineterphalangeal.
can be use in other vet species to reduce the production of prostaglandis associated with pain, hyperpyrexia and inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
GI and Bone in dogs Respiratory in cats
Saprophyte fungus
fever, wt. loss, poor response to antibitics
seen in buffy coat
small round with cresent nucleus
not cigar shape (cigar + rnd = sporothrix)
Azole for 4-6 months
if severe than Amphotericin B in Combo ith oral Azole
Cell mediate immnity...NSAIDS? |
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Term
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Definition
| is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other.[2] It typically involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles, which prevents bringing the gaze of each eye to the same point in space and preventing proper binocular vision, which may adversely affect depth perception. |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum |
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Term
| What is the approximate resting energy requirement for a 25 kg dog? |
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Definition
The correct answer is 800 kcal/day.
this calculation is (30xBW + 70). |
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Term
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Definition
| introduced into or occurring in the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord |
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Term
| Severe ringbone in a horse is best treated with which of the following? |
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Definition
The correct answer is surgical arthrodesis of the pastern joint. Ringbone is osteoarthritis of the phalanges. It can be caused by poor conformation, improper shoeing, and trauma such as wire cuts or repetitive concussion on hard surfaces. Diagnosis can be made on palpation of soft tissue thickness and new bone formation in the pastern region as well as by radiography. Range of motion of the involved joints is decreased
pastern =ring bone= high ring bone
coffin =low ring bone |
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Term
| calculate how much sodium bicarbonate to give for base deficit |
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Definition
.3 X kg X deficit
.3X 470 X 13=1833 Meq |
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Term
| functional brain imaging, combined with structural data gleaned from either MRI or CT and CSf |
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Definition
| CSF- can aid in ruling out overt inflammatory disease and may be beneficial as a screening test. increased protein concentration and a normal to mild increase in total nucleated cells count = albuminocytologic dissociation are typical for an intracranial neoplasm. others may have incresed white blood cells. cytology is non-specific for tumor type and tumorlocation. CSF should be avoided due to risk of herniation when increased intracranial pressue is suspected |
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Term
| spontaneous cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
Spontaneous cardiomyopathy, also known as round heart disease of turkeys, is a disease that manifests as sudden death due to cardiac arrest in young (less than 3-4 week old) turkeys. While the precise etiology is unknown, it is thought that ischemia, particularly during the brooding period, plays an important role.
The characteristic finding is an affected animal less than 4-weeks old that has a markedly enlarged heart with dilatation of the ventricles, congested lungs, and an enlarged liver. In some cases, ascites and other signs of congestive heart failure may be present.
dilated cardiomyopathy in cats which can be caused by taurine deficiency.
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Term
| vesicular stomatitis virus -pigs |
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Definition
| clinical presentation cannot distinguish between all of these viruses, any time vesicles are present in pigs, federal authorities need to be contacted immediately |
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Term
| You diagnose a horse with sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabei). What should you do next |
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Definition
| The correct answer is report the infection to authorities. Sarcoptic mange is a reportable disease in horses |
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Term
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Definition
is a mid-brain response-allows an animal to squint in response to bright light. if absent then means disease of retina or optic nerve
Cats with cortico-blindness will retain dazzle reflex and will retain pupillary light reflex |
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Term
| Which group of drugs cannot legally be used in an extra label manner in the United States on food producing cattle? |
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Definition
diethyl stilbestrol, chloramphenicol, nitroimidazoles, clenbuterol, fluoroquinolones(enrogloxacin), vancomycin, nitrofurans
it is not permitted to use phenylbutazone and most sulfas in adult dairy cattle |
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Term
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Definition
[ob′tundā′shən]
Etymology: L, obtundere, to blunt, atus, process
a greatly reduced level of consciousness. The patient is not yet comatose but is close, arousing only with very strong stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a surgical puncture of the chest wall to aspirate fluid or air from the pleural cavity. A pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. |
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Term
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Definition
dextrose -this stimulates insulin secretion
Sodium bicarbonate
calcium gluconate
if potassium exceeds 7 mEq/L. 0.9% Sodium chloride is the fluid of choice to treat this disturbance. |
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Term
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Definition
coccidia=isospora= sulfadimethoxine or trimethoprim sulfa.
Droncit- Primarily for cestodes (tapeworms)
Revolution- For fleas, heartworms, hookworms, roundworms, ear mites
Strongid- Primarily for roundworms and hookworms
Metronidazole- Primarily for anaerobes, also used for giardia
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Term
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Definition
four components of nephrotic syndrome are:
proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, ascites/edema
Hypercoagulability is not a component of nephrotic syndrome, although it can occur with protein-losing nephropathies due to the loss of antithrombin III. |
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Term
| The horse does not release reticulocytes into the peripheral circulation |
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Definition
need to do a Bone Marrow Aspirate
Explanation - The horse does not release reticulocytes into the peripheral circulation; therefore you must look at a bone marrow sample to identify if the horse has a regenerative anemia. |
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Term
| nerve blocks for the horse |
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Definition
High four point block
Low four point block
abaxial sesamoid block
palmar digital block
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Term
| what do you use to cause leuteolysis of the corpus luteum in a mare |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Fluoxetine (Prozac) is an anti-depressant and SSRI that can be used to treat cats |
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Term
| Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs |
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Definition
Bacteria that causes some mortality in young growing pigs .
the virulence of APP is due to exotoxin production by the bacteria which causes a vasculitis and hemolysis, especially in lung.
acute outbreak of sudden death. Pigs average 80 lbs
blood coming out of the nose
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Term
| this is a pestivirus. it is closely related to BVDV. Pigs seroconvert with BVDV and BVDV cross react w/ CSF assays for this virus in pigs. |
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Definition
| Classical swine fever/hog cholera |
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Term
| differentiate FMD from swine vesicular disease in swine |
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Definition
FMD - lameness and vesicles on the snot
vesicular disease vesicles in the mouth, feet and on snot |
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Term
| Haemophilus parasuis - Glässer's disease. |
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Definition
fatal polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis of pigs.
young pigs (wean - 4 mo) include high fever, anorexia, depression, dyspnea, lameness.
Classic lesion is serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis peritonitis.
Turbid joint fluid. Dx by culture. Tx w/ penicillin, tetracycline; remove stressors. |
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Term
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
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Definition
Erysipelas typically occurs in grower and finisher pigs
does not result in pneumonia.
Diamond-shaped skin lesions (thus the name "diamond skin disease") are pathognomonic for Erysipelas |
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Term
ruminants
viruses that cause oral lesions and diarrhea |
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Definition
BVDV
Bovine malignant catarrhal fever
Rinderpest-morbilivirus
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis cattle>10d.old
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Term
| cattle viruses that cause oral lesions and no diarrhea |
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Definition
Epizootic hemmorrahagic dz/NOT SHEEP
Blue tongue -sheep/clinical dz not in cattle
vesicular stomatitis -reportable
foot and mouth-not horses
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Term
| a humid environment will cause ___?___ in snakes |
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Definition
ulcertative dermatitis.
skin lesions, exposure to fecal degradation products and poor hygiene.
NOT INADEQUATE UV LIGHT |
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Term
Equine cervical vertebral instability
equine degenerative myteloencephalopathy
cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy
equine protazoal myeloencephalopathy |
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Definition
malformation malarticulation rapid grow males c4-c5 c5-c6
equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy young vit E plays role. dismetric gait <6 months of age
cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy older C5-C6 C6-C7
equine protozoal myeloencephalopathy Asymetrical |
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