Acepromazine

PromAce®, Aceproject® 

Acetazolamide

(Diamox®, Dazamide®).

Acetazolamide is a non-bacteriostatic sulfonamide    

Acetylcysteine

(Mucomyst®)    

Acetylcysteine is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. Though the exact mechanism of action is not known, this drug is used in the treatment of acetaminophen poisoining and upper respiratory infections.

·       Activated Charcoal

(Toxiban®, Liqui-Char®, UAA Gel®).

Activated charcoal is a substance often used for the treatment of toxicity or suspected toxicity.

Acyclovir

(Zovirax®)    

Acyclovir is a selective antiviral agent indicated for the treatment of certain herpes virus infections.

·       Albuterol

(Proventil®, Volmax®, Ventolin®).

Albuterol relaxes the smooth muscle in the airways and provides relief from obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs called bronchodilators.

Afoxolaner

(NexGard™)    

NexGard™ is a drug that provides flea and tick control for dogs. NexGard™ also known as Afoxolander contains agents used to kill and prevent fleas. 

Allopurinol

(Zyloprim®)    

Allopurinol belongs to a class of drugs known as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The enzyme xanthine oxidase is responsible for converting certain body chemicals to uric acid.

Alprazolam

(Xanax®)    

Alprazolam is a mild tranquilizer used to reduce anxiety in dogs and cats. It is classified chemically as a benzodiazepine tranquilizer. Other drugs in this class include diazepam (Valium®) and clorazepate (Tranxene®).

·       Amikacin

(Amiglyde-V®).

Amikacin is a member of the aminoglycoside antibiotic family. This antibiotic acts on susceptible bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis, resulting in bacterial cell death.

Aminopentamide

(Centrine®)    

Aminopentamide hydrogen sulfate is an

anticholinergic agent that is used as an antispasmodic drug.

Aminophylline    

Aminophylline relaxes the smooth muscles in the airways and provides relief from obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma. It also acts as a central nervous stimulant.

Aminophylline belongs to a class of drugs called bronchodilators. Related drugs include theophylline.

Amitriptyline HCl

(Elavil®)    

Amitriptyline is used in behavior modification in dogs and cats. Common uses are treatment of separation anxiety in dogs and excessive grooming, urine spraying and anxiety in cats.

Amlodipine Besylate

(Norvasc®)    

The main use of amlodipine is to treat high blood pressure in cats and dogs. Another use is as a vasodilator drug in the treatment of congestive heart failure in dogs. It lowers the blood pressure making it easier for the heart to pump.

Amoxicillin    

Amoxicillin is prescribed to treat or control infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Infections treated with amoxicillin often include wounds, tooth abscesses and bladder infections    

·       Amoxicillin + Clavulanate

(Clavamox®) for Dogs and Cats.

and Augmentin®

Amoxicillin + clavulanate is a popular antibiotic combination administered to treat or control infections including skin infections, bone infections, wound infections, infections of the mouth, pneumonia and bladder infections.

·       Amphetamines.

Amphetamines stimulate the central nervous system. In humans, amphetamines are used to suppress appetite and elevate mood. They are also used in the treatment of attention deficit disorder.

Amphotericin B    

Amphotericin B is used to treat serious fungal infections. As with other macrolide antifungals, amphotericin B binds to the cell membrane of certain fungi and allows important electrolytes to leak out, resulting in cell death.

Ampicillin

(Polyflex®)    

Ampicillin is an antibiotic related to penicillin used to treat and prevent bacterial infections.

·       Apomorphine.

Apomorphine is a derivative of morphine those primary action is to induce vomiting. Unlike morphine, apomorphine does not alleviate pain.

Asparaginase

(Elspar®)    

Asparaginase is a drug used to treat various types of malignant cancer. It is harvested from bacteria, primarily Escherichia coli, and will break down asparagine and make it unavailable for use by the cancer cells. This results in cell death.

  Atenolol

(Tenormin®).

Atenolol is a beta-blocker that decreases heart rate, cardiac output, the amount of oxygen the heart muscle needs and blood pressure    

 Atropine.

Atropine is used prior to surgery to reduce drooling and respiratory tract secretions. It is also used to treat dangerously slow heart rates and is an important drug in CPR.

Atropine Ophthalmic Solution    

Atropine is a drug used topically to relieve pain and spasm caused by corneal ulcers, inflammation inside the eye and other painful conditions of the eye. Atropine belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics.

·       Azathioprine

(Imuran®).

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug that is chemically related to some anti-cancer chemotherapy agents. It is used to suppress cells involved in autoimmune diseases including those involving the skin, blood, or multiple body systems.

·       Azithromycin

(Zithromax®).

Azithromycin is prescribed to treat or control infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Infections treated with axithromycin often include respiratory, skin, ear and bladder infections.

·       Benazepril

(Fortekor®).

Benazepril is in the class of drugs called angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Benazepril decreases the formation of compounds and hormones that constrict blood vessels in animals with heart and vascular disease.

·       Betaxolol and

Levo-betaxolol.

Betaxolol and levobetaxolol are topical medications used in the treatment of glaucoma - a build up of abnormally high pressure in the eye.

• Betaxolol and levobetaxolol are beta-blockers, which affect beta-adrenergic receptors within the body. 
• Betaxolol and levobetaxolol only affect beta-1 adrenergic receptors; therefore, they have minimal effects on the cardiac and respiratory systems. They are generally safe to use in animals with cardiac diseases, such as congestive heart failure, and airway diseases, such as allergic bronchitis and asthma.

·       Bethanechol

(Urecholine®, etc.).

Bethanechol is a synthetic cholinergic ester that affects cholinergic receptors. These receptors are present throughout the body. In dogs and cats, the primary effect of bethanechol is on the strength of contraction of the urinary bladder.

·       Brinzolamide

(Azopt®).

Brinzolamide is one of a number of topical medications used to treat glaucoma.

It belongs to a class of drugs called carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI).

·       Bromides

(Potassium Bromide, Sodium Bromide).

Bromide belongs to a general class of drugs known as anticonvulsants. Other related drugs in this class include diazepam and phenobarbital.treat seizure disorders in dogs as either single drug or combination therapy with other anticonvulsant drugs.

·       Buprenorphine

(Buprenex® or Simbadol®) .

Buprenorphine is a synthetic opiate, similar to one of the original opiates, morphine. Buprenorphine is 30 times as potent as morphine and does not result in the negative gastrointestinal effects typically associated with morphine.

Burow's Solution    

Burow’s solution has antibacterial effects, and will inhibit the growth of bacteria commonly found in ear infections. It is used as an astringent.

·       Buspirone HCl

(BuSpar®).

Buspirone is a human drug that is sometimes used in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders in dogs. Buspirone seems to affect serotonin receptors in the brain but exactly how it works is not clearly understood.

·       Butorphanol Tartrate

(Torbugesic®, Torbutrol®, Dolorex®).

Butorphanol is chemically similar to morphine. It has significant pain control and sedation properties but does not last long.

- for pain relief and for coughing.  An analgesics. These drugs are also used in anesthesia, often combined with tranquilizer drugs as pre-anesthetic drugs or post-operatively. 

• Butorphanol belongs to a general class of drugs known as opiate agonists. 

Calcitonin    

Calcitonin is a synthetically prepared hormone that is normally found in the body and is secreted by the thyroid gland. This drug is used when the natural calcitonin is not sufficient to treat high blood calcium levels    

·       Calcitriol (Vitamin D).

Calcitriol is used for the treatment of renal failure and management of hypocalcemia associated with hypoparathyroidism in dogs and cats.

·       Calcium Gluconate.

Calcium gluconate, is employed to treat hypocalcemia and conditions in which the physiological effects of increasing the plasma calcium level are likely to be beneficial to the animal.

Captopril

(Capoten®)    

The primary use of captopril is to treat and prevent heart failure.

Captopril and related drugs are also used to treat high blood pressure.

·       Carbamazepine

(Tegretol®).

Carbamazepine is an uncommonly used anticonvulsant drug. It can help reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.

·       Carboplatin

(Paraplatin®).

Carboplatin is a platinum-containing drug used to treat malignant cancer. The drug affects the DNA of rapidly dividing cells but the exact mechanism of action is not clearly understood.

·       Carprofen

(Rimadyl®, Novox®, Quellin®).

Carprofen is NSAID's  used to treat minor pain, inflammation, arthritis. The most common brands are Rimadyl® or Novox®, although there are other generic formulations available. Use in cats is very limited and requires greater study.

·       Carvedilol

(Coreg®).

Carvedilol is a multiple-action cardiovascular agent that is further categorized as a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist and a vasodilator.

Cefadroxil

(Cefa-Tabs® and Cefa-Drops®)    

Cefadroxil is used in both dogs and cats to treat bacterial infections, including skin infections and bladder infections. Cefadroxil is very similar to the popular drug cephalexin, and veterinarians often use the two drugs interchangeably.

·       Cefazolin

(Kefzol®, Ancef®).

Cefazolin is used in both dogs and cats to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including skin infections, wound infections, bone infections, pneumonia and bladder infections.

·       Cefixime

(Suprax®).

Cefixime is a semisynthetic, cephalosporin oral antibiotic used to treat conditions including pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis, and urinary tract infections.

·       Cefotaxime
 

(Claforan®).

Cefotaxime is an antibiotic categorized as a third generation cephalosporin given to treat susceptible infections.

·       Cefotixin

(Mefoxin®).

Cefotixin sodium is an antibiotic. It is further categorized as a second-generation cephalosporin produced by Streptomyces lactamdurans.

·       Cefovecin Sodium

(Convenia®).

Cefovecin sodium is an injectable antibiotic.

·       Cefpodoxime Proxetil

(Simplicef®).

Cefpodoxime proxetil is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin class. It is related to the penicillin drugs in how it kills bacteria.

·       Ceftriaxone

(Rocephin®).

Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic, characterized as a third generation injectable cephalosporin used to treat serious infections, particularly those caused by susceptible strains of Enterobacteriaceae.

·       Cephalexin

(Keflex®) for Dogs and Cats.

Cephalexin is used in both dogs and cats to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Cephalexin is similar to the veterinary drug cefadroxil, and veterinarians often use the two drugs interchangeably.

·       Cephalothin.

Cephalothin is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin class. It is related to the penicillin drugs in how it kills bacteria, but cephalosporins have a much broader range of activity against bacteria than penicillins.

·       Chlorambucil

(Leukeran®).

Chlorambucil is a drug used to treat various types of malignant cancer. It is an antineoplastic and immunosuppressant and works by causing cross-linking of DNA, resulting in altered protein production, decreased cell division, and cell death.

·       Chloramphenicol

(Chloromycetin®).

Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic used in dogs and cats. It inhibits bacteria by suppressing growth. It is effective against a range of bacteria and also may be effective against some one-celled pathogenic organisms.

·       Chlorpromazine

(Thorazine®).

Chlorpromazine belongs to a class of drugs known as phenothiazine derivatives. These drugs are thought to effect the part of the brain responsible for controlling body temperature, metabolic rate, vomiting, blood pressure and alertness.

·       Ciprofloxacin

(Cipro®, Ciloxan®).

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections in animals caused by susceptible bacteria. This drug is classified as a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

·       Cisplatin

(Platinol-AQ®).

Cisplatin is a platinum-containing drug used to treat malignant cancer. The drug affects the DNA of rapidly dividing cells but the exact mechanism of action is not clearly understood.

·       Clindamycin

(Antirobe®).

Clindamycin is used in both dogs and cats to treat bacterial infections, including skin infections, wound infections, bone infections, pneumonia, tooth infections and other infections of the oral cavity.

·       Clomipramine

(Clomicalm®).

Clomipramine is approved for the treatment of canine behavioral disorders classified as separation anxiety. It has also been used to modify behavior in the dominance aggression syndrome of dogs.

·       Clonazepam (Klonopin®).

Clonazepam is an infrequently used anticonvulsant to control seizures. Similar drugs include midazolam, diazepam, clorazepate and alprazolam.

·       Clorazepate

(Tranxene®).

Clorazepate is used to reduce anxiety in dogs and cats. Specific uses include treatment of thunderstorm phobia and other phobias, separation anxiety and other situational fears (car travel, veterinary office visits).

·       Clotrimazole

(Otomax® , Otibiotic®).

Clotrimazole is prescribed to treat or control infections caused by susceptible fungi (yeasts and molds). Clotrimazole is most often used in veterinary medicine as a combination product designed to treat ear infections.

·       Codeine.

Codeine is derived from the opium poppy. Similar in structure to morphine, codeine is used to relieve pain, to suppress cough and act as a sedative.

·       Colchicine.

Colchicine belongs to a group of drugs known as anti-gout medications. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but the drug seems to be able to reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting cells responsible for inflammation.

·       Cyclophosphamide

(Cytoxan®, Neosar®).

Cyclophosphamide is one of a number of drugs that is effective in treating some dog and cat cancers and tumors. It also suppresses the immune system and is commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.class of drugs known as nitrogen mustard-based agents.

·       Cyclosporine

(Atopica®, Optimmune®, Sandimmune®).

Cyclosporine is prescribed to suppress the immune system. The immune system is the body’s highly complicated mechanism for developing protection against infection or toxic substances.

·       Cyclosporine

Ophthalmic (Optimmune®).

Cyclosporine is a polypeptide agent originally isolated from a fungus. In dogs, cylcopsporine has been shown to increase tear production, possibly by stimulating the tear gland.

·       Cyproheptadine

(Periactin®).

Cyproheptadine is used to treat allergies and allergic reactions. However, the most common use of this drug is as an appetite stimulant in cats, which is probably related to the drug’s anti-serotonin effects.

·       Cytarabine.

Cytarabine is a drug used to treat certain cancers, most notably leukemia.

·       Deracoxib

(Deramaxx®).

Deracoxib (Deramaxx) is a new drug recently released for the control of pain and inflammation following surgery. This drug is similar to Celebrex and has a low incidence of side effects.

·       Desmopressin

(DDAVP®).

Desmopressin is used to treat a condition called central diabetes insipidus in dogs and cats. In this condition, the pituitary gland of the brain does not produce sufficient ADH. This leads to severe loss of water and dehydration.

·       Desoxycorticosterone

(Percorten-V®).

Desoxycorticosterone acts on the kidney to increase the absorption of sodium and help excrete potassium from the body. The drug is used to treat Addison's disease.

injectable replacement (hormone) belonging to a class of drugs known as mineralocorticoids steroids. 

·       Dexamethasone.

Dexamethasone often is used in the treatment of shock related to infection or the release of endotoxins (toxic chemicals produced by some bacteria). Dexamethasone is used to help diagnose and treat diseases of the adrenal glands.

·       Diazepam

(Valium®).

Diazepam is a sedative and depresses the brain. In animals, diazepam is given as a sedative - to treat convulsions or to manage excitement - or as a muscle relaxant.

·       Diclofenac

(Volteran Ophthalmic®).

Diclofenac is a topical drug used to treat certain kinds of inflammation within the eye. Diclofenac inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which helps decrease the inflammatory response in the eye.(NSAIDs)

·       Diethylcarbamazine

(Filaribits®).

Diethylcarbamazine is primarily used to prevent heartworm infections. It also can be used to treat roundworm infections, but is infrequently employed for that purpose.

·       Diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Diethylstilbestrol is used primarily to treat urinary incontinence in spayed females. The hormone also has a stimulating effect on the reproductive system    

·       Difloxacin

(Dicural®).

Difloxacin is a synthetic antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class. Other related drugs include enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

·       Digoxin

(Cardoxin®).

Digoxin is used to treat heart failure and various heart-rhythm abnormalities, particularly atrial fibrillation. For the latter purpose it may be combined with other drugs. Digoxin does not prolong life but does reduce symptoms of heart failure.

·       Diltiazem HCl.

Diltiazem inhibits the entry of calcium into the heart muscle. In blood vessels, Diltiazem prevents calcium entry, leading to widening of the arteries, which lowers blood pressure.

·       Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO).

Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is a clear, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and most organic solvents. It has anti-inflammatory properties.

·       Diphenoxylate (

Logen®, Lomotil®, Lonox®).

Diphenoxylate - a opiate agonists is primarily used to treat diarrhea and colitis.  

• has anti-coughing properties. 
• Diphenoxylate slows the gastrointestinal tract, decreases intestinal secretions and enhances absorption of liquids.

·       Dirlotapide

(Slentrol™).

Dirlotapide is a new drug approved by the FDA for canine obesity. It is also called "Slentrol". Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat.

·       Dorzolamide

(Trusopt®, Cosopt®).

·       Doxapram

(Dopram-V).

Doxapram is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system. The effect of the drug on the respiratory system of the brain is an important aspect of this medication. Doxapram affects breathing by direct stimulation of the breathing center of the brain.

·       Doxepin

(Sinequan®).

Doxepin - Behavioral disorders in dogs and cats

·       Doxorubicin

(Adriamycin®).

Doxorubicin is prescribed in the treatment of many cancers and tumors including lymphoma in dogs and cats, carcinoma of the thyroid and mammary glands in dogs and for a variety of different sarcomas.

Because of its cytotoxic effects, this drug is never used as an

antibiotic

·       Doxycycline

(Vibramycin®).

Doxycycline is an antibiotic used to treat infections in animals caused by susceptible bacteria. Examples of these infections include urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, blood-borne infections and wound infections.

Emodepside/Praziquantel

(Profender®).    

Emodepside and Praziquantel are two drugs combined together and used to treat roundworm, hookworms and tapeworm parasites in cats.

·       Enalapril

(Enacard®).

Enalapril decreases the formation of hormones that constrict blood vessels in animals with heart and vascular disease. Over-production of these compounds can cause narrowing of the blood vessels, high blood pressure and decreased blood flow to organs.

Enrofloxacin

(Baytril®)    

Enrofloxacin - antibacterial  is used to treat a variety of infections, including skin infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections and wound infections. While enrofloxacin is highly effective, some bacteria are resistant to it.    

·       Enrofloxacin Otic

(Baytril Otic®).

Enrofloxacin is most often thought of as an oral tablet but recently, a preparation of enrofloxacin combined with silver sulfadiazine has become available specifically for the ear.

·       Ephedrine.

Ephedrine is used primarily for the treatment of urinary incontinence (involuntary leakage of urine from the bladder), not related to neurologic disease. Ephedrine increases sphincter tone and reduces incompetence in small animals.

·       Epinephrine

(Adrenalin Chloride®).

Epinephrine is used to treat severe allergic reactions because it can prevent or minimize the effects of histamine. It is also used to help in severe asthmatic attacks to dilate the bronchial tubes.

·       Erythromycin.

Erythromycin is used in both dogs and cats to treat bacterial infections, including skin infections, wound infections, bone infections, pneumonia and sinus infections. It also has been used for some tick-borne infections, such as Lyme disease.

·       Erythropoietin (

Epogen®, Procrit®).

The primary use of erythropoietin is to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney failure. Deficiency of erythropoietin leads to anemia, an insufficient number of red blood cells.

·       Estradiol

(ECP®).

Estradiol cypionate is a semisynthetic estrogenic hormone used as a replacement therapy in conditions of inadequate estrogen production.

·       Ethanol.

Ethanol, a monohydric alcohol, is a central nervous depressant. It is also a rich source of calories.

·       Etodolac

(EtoGesic®).

Etodolac is primarily used to treat pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. Etodolac works by inhibiting formation of body chemicals called prostaglandins.

·       Felbamate

(Felbatol®).

Felbamate is an anticonvulsant that is not commonly used. Felbamate works by depressing the brain, but exactly how it works is not fully understood.

·       Fentanyl

(Duragesic®).

Fentanyl is a very potent medication used to control pain. This drug belongs to a class of drugs known as opiates, also known as narcotics.

·       Fipronil

(Frontline®).

Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole antiparasitic agent primarily used to kill adult fleas and ticks. It works by interfering with the brain and spinal cord of insects, resulting in death.

·       Fipronil and Methoprene

(Frontline Plus®).

Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole antiparasitic agent and methoprene is an insect growth regulator. Combined together, fipronil and methoprene kill adult and larval fleas as well as flea eggs. All stages of ticks are also killed.

·       Firocoxib

(Previcox®).

Firoxoxib is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. It belongs to the general class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Other related drugs include Celebrex®, ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen.

·       Fluconazole

(Diflucan®).

Fluconazole is effective only against fungal or yeast organisms. These fungi are the ones that cause skin infections commonly known as “ringworm” and toenail infections.

·       Fludrocortisone Acetate

(Florinef®).

Fludrocortisone acetate is a synthetic hormone used for the treatment of mineralocorticoid deficiency (Addison’s disease) in small animals.

·       Flunixin

(Banamine®).

Flunixin belongs to a general class of drugs known as anti-inflammatory drugs. Flunixin is effective in reducing pain, inflammation and fever.

·       Fluoxetine

(Prozac®, Reconcile®).

Fluoxetine is an antidepressant used to treat aggression and obsessive compulsive disorders. It is commonly called Prozac.

·       Fluphenazine

(Prolixin®, Permitil®).

Fluphenazine can be used as a mild sedative, though it is more likely than other phenothiazines to induce movement disorders. It has been suggested that it may be useful in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in animals.

·       Fluralaner

(Bravecto™).

Fluralaner (Bravecto™) is a new FDA approved oral tablet that provides flea and tick control for dogs.

·       Flurbiprofen

(Ocufen®, Flurbiprofen®).

Flurbiprofen is a topical drug used to treat certain kinds of inflammation within the eye. Flurbiprofen inhibits the production of prostaglandins and helps decrease the inflammatory response in the eye.

·       Fluvoxamine

(Luvox®).

Behavioral disorders 

·       Furosemide

(Lasix®).

Furosemide, commonly called Lasix, is a commonly used medication to treat heart failure in dogs and cats. It works to reduce fluid accumulation and prevent further edema from forming.

 loop diuretic drug

·       Gabapentin

(Neurontin).

Gabapentin is a drug commonly used in veterinary medicine to treat chronic pain and complex seizures disorders in dogs.

·       Gentamicin

(Gentocin®).

Gentamicin is effective against a wide range of bacteria in dogs and cats. It is effective against bacteria that infect the bloodstream, respiratory tract, skin, sinuses, ear canal and bladder.

·       Glipizide

(Glucotrol®).

Glipizide is an oral drug used for control of type II diabetes mellitus. It has been shown to lower blood sugar in animals.

·       Glyburide

(DiaBeta®, Micronase®).

Glyburide, better known as DiaBeta® or Micronase®, is used to regulate type II diabetes in Cats. Most cats respond better to insulin therapy for treatment if diabetes mellitus but some cats can effectively treated with glyburide. Of the oral treatments for diabetes in cats, a different drug called Glipizide is more commonly recommended by veterinarians. 

·       Glycopyrrolate

(Robinul-V®).

Glycopyrrolate is most often used when an animal is undergoing anesthesia for surgery. The drug blocks the undesirable effects of nervous system stimulation.

·       Griseofulvin

(Fulvicin®).

Griseofulvin is effective only against fungal organisms that affect the skin and hair. These fungi, which cause skin infections, are commonly known as “ringworm” and toenail infections.

·       Haloperidol

(Haldol®).

Haloperidol is often used as a premedicant to calm patients down prior to receiving anesthesia.

·       Heparin.

Heparin is a substance naturally found in mast cells, part of the body’s inflammatory system. Heparin blocks the formation of clotting factors and blood clots. It does not break down clots that have already formed.

·       Hydrocodone.

Hydrocodone is used primarily to treat excessive coughing due to collapsing trachea (windpipe), bronchitis or upper-respiratory infections (kennel cough).

·       Hydrocortisone.

Hydrocortisone is primarily used to reduce inflammation. It is also used to treat adrenal-gland dysfunction.

·       Hydroxyurea

(Mylocel®, Hydrea®).

Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat certain solid tumors and myeloid tumors.

·       Hydroxyzine

(Atarax®, Anxanil®, Vistaril®).

Hydroxyzine is used primarily to treat allergic symptoms, itching and dermatitis.

·       Idoxuridine.

Idoxuridine is a topical anti-viral agent. It inhibits viral growth by interfering with the virus’ production of DNA.

·       Imidacloprid

(Advantage®, K9 Advantix®).

Imidacloprid is an insecticidal agent that is used to kill fleas. It is a topical solution that collects in the oils of the skin and in the hair follicles.

       Imipramine

(Tofranil®).

Imipramine is primarily used to modify unwanted behaviors. Common behavior problems treated with imipramine include urinary incontinence and separation anxiety.

·       Hydroxyurea

(Mylocel®, Hydrea®).

Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat certain solid tumors and myeloid tumors

Hydroxyzine is used primarily to treat allergic symptoms, itching and dermatitis.

·       Isoproterenol

(Isuprel®).

Isoproterenol (also called isoprenaline) is a drug that traditionally has been used to treat certain heart problems, circulatory disorders, and bronchospasm.

·       Itraconazole

(Sporanox®).

Itraconazole is an antifungal drug that inhibits the growth of fungal organisms by interfering with the formation of the fungal cell wall. It is similar in its action to other related drugs, such as miconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole.

·       Ivermectin

(Ivomec®, Heartgard®).

Several drugs have been developed to kill or prevent parasites such as fleas, ticks, mites, and worms. Ivermectin and related drugs are among the most effective of these.

·       Ketamine

(Ketaset®, Vetalar®, Vetaket®).

Ketamine belongs to a class of drugs known as dissociative hypnotics and is similar to phencyclidine (PCP). It works by disrupting the central nervous system and induces a cataleptic state.

 used for restraint, sedation, pain and/or anesthesia.

Cats eyes remain open when treated with Ketamine therefore need protection with lubricant. 

·       Ketoconazole

(Nizoral®).

Ketoconazole is used in both dogs and cats to treat infections caused by fungi. These infections may affect the skin, claws, lymph nodes, respiratory tract, bone and other tissues.

·       Ketorolac Ophthalmic Solution

(Acular®).

Ketorolac tromethamine is a topical drug used to treat certain kinds of inflammation within the eye.

·       Lactulose.

Lactulose is a special type of laxative used to treat constipation and to assist in the management of a disorder called hepatic encephalopathy.

·       Latanoprost

(Xalatan®).

Glaucoma is a potentially devastating eye disease, caused by the build up of abnormally high pressure in the eye. Latanoprost is one of a number of topical medications used to treat glaucoma.

Levetiracetam    

Levetiracetam is a drug used to treat seizures in dogs.

·       Levothyroxine

(Soloxine®,ThyroTabs®).

When an individual cannot manufacture enough thyroid hormone to support normal cell metabolism, a condition called hypothyroidism develops. In these cases, supplemental levothyroxine is usually needed to reverse the medical symptoms.

·       Lidocaine.

Lidocaine is commonly used as a topical and local anesthetic. The drug must be injected in the proximity of the wound or surgery. Alternatively, it can be used as an epidural anesthetic to prevent pain in a region of the body.

·       Lincomycin

(Lincocin®).

Lincomycin is an antibiotic that is used in dogs and cats. It inhibits bacteria by suppressing protein synthesis and growth.

Liothyronine

(Cytobin®)    

When an individual cannot manufacture enough thyroid hormone to support normal cell metabolism, a condition called hypothyroidism develops.

 a hypothyroidism drug supplement for dogs and used to diagnose hyperthyroidism in cats. 

Liothyronine is indicated in patients that do not respond to levothyroxine supplementation.

·       Lomustine

(CeeNU®).

Lomustine is an anti-tumor drug. Unlike the more common nitrogen mustard alkylating agents, lomustine readily crosses from the blood into the brain and is used in the treatment of brain tumors in people.

·       Lufenuron

(Program®).

Lufenuron inhibits insect development within the insect egg. This prevents the egg from maturing to an adult insect. It is most commonly administered for flea control in dogs and in cats. It does not control ticks.

·       Lufenuron and Milbemycin

(Sentinel Flavor Tabs®).

Lufenuron and milbemycin (Sentinel Flavor Tabs®) are used to control heartworms, fleas and several common internal parasites including roundworms, hookworms and some whipworms.

·       Magnesium Sulfate.

Magnesium sulfate, also known as Epsom Salts, has many uses including laxative, electrolyte replacement and anticonvulsant.

·       Mannitol.

Mannitol is used for the treatment of head trauma, glaucoma and other causes of swelling or edema.

·       Marbofloxacin

(Zeniquin®).

Marbofloxacin is a synthetic antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class. It is reserved for serious infections and is not commonly used for minor infections.

·       Maropitant citrate

(Cerenia® ).

Maropitant citrate is a drug marketed to treat acute vomiting in dogs.

·       Medetomidine

(Domitor®).

Medetomidine belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha 2 adrenergic agonists and is similar to clonidine and xylazine. It is a sedative that provides pain relief as well as muscle relaxation.

·       Medroxyprogesterone

(Provera ®, Depo-Provera®).

Medroxyprogesterone is a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone. Progesterone is a steroid sex hormone and has been used to control certain sexual behavior problems.

Megestrol Acetate

(Ovaban®).    

Megestrol acetate is used in dogs (and in cats) to control heat cycles (estrus) and to treat false pregnancy. Megestrol acetate is similar to the naturally occurring hormone progesterone.

·       Melarsomine

(Immiticide®).

Melarsomine is used to treat heartworm infection in dogs. The precise method used (one or two stage) depends on the severity of the disease and the need for supportive care.

·       Melatonin

(Melatonex®).

Melatonin is best known for its ability to regulate body rhythms and reproductive cycles, but it also appears to have uses as a sedative and anti-convulsant.

manage separation anxiety and other fearful conditions, such as noise phobias in dogs and cats, suppress heat cycles in cats, help with hair loss disorders in dogs, as well as other uses.

·       Meloxicam

(Metacam®).

Meloxicam belongs to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs relieve inflammation and pain by inhibiting synthesis of chemicals called prostaglandins. Meloxicam is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and postoperative pain.

·       Meperidine

(Demerol®).

Meperidine is a Class II drug used as a painkiller and a sedative. Its effects are similar to those of morphine.

·       Mertazapine

(Remeron®).

·       Metaflumizone

(ProMeris® and ProMeris Duo™).

Metaflumizone/ProMeris™ is a new drug on the market that provides broad spectrum flea and tick control to dogs and flea control to cats.

·       Methimazole

(Tapazole®).

Methimazole is used to medically treat overactive thyroid glands in cats, a condition referred to as hyperthyroidism.

·       Methocarbamol

(Robaxin®-V).

Methocarbamol is used to reduce muscle tremors that result from various diseases, traumas or ingestion of toxins. The drug is quite effective in treating cats suffering from toxicity from the insecticide permethrin.

·       Methotrexate.

Rheumatrex®, MTX, Amethopterin,

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of certain neoplastic diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.  Also a cancer drug used to treat lymphoma and some other solid tumors in cats and dogs. 

It competitively inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Dihydrofolates must be reduced to tetrahydrofolates by this enzyme before they can be effective in the process of purine nucleotide and thymidine synthesis. Thus, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive to methotrexate's action.

·       Methylphenidate

(Ritalin®).

Behavioral disorders i

·       Methylprednisolone

]

(Medrol®, Depo-Medrol®).

Methylprednisolone is used in dogs and cats for its anti-inflammatory effect. It is used in the treatment of allergic reactions, immune diseases, shock and certain nervous system disorders.

·       Metoclopramide HCl

(Reglan®).

Metoclopramide is most often prescribed to treat or prevent vomiting in dogs and cats. This drug can be used in pets vomiting from metabolic problems, such as kidney failure, in pets with gastroenteritis or in chemotherapy patients.

·       Metoprolol Tartrate

(Lopressor®, Toprol XL®).

Metoprolol and other beta-blockers has several effects on the heart; they decrease heart rate, cardiac output, the amount of oxygen the heart muscle needs and the blood pressure.

·       Metronidazole

(Flagyl®).

Metronidazole is a synthetic antibiotic and antiprotozoal used to treat and prevent bacterial infections, and to treat certain parasite infections. It is most often used to treat Giardia infections.

·       Midazolam

(Versed®).

Midazolam is a sedative and depresses the brain. It is similar to diazepam (Valium).

·       Milbemycin & Spinosad

(Trifexis®, ComboGuard®).

Trifexis® is one of the most commonly used flea, heartworm and worm treatment/prevention medication used in dogs. Trifexis contains a combination of two drugs including milbemycin & spinosad. 

·       Milbemycin Oxime

(Interceptor®).

Milbemycin oxime is used orally to control hookworm, roundworm and certain whipworm infections in dogs and cats. The drug is also a highly effective preventative of canine and feline heartworm disease.

·       Milbemycin Oxime

(MilbeMite).

Milbemycin has been found to be a highly effective and safe medication to treat ear mite infections in cats. It kills 99 to 100 percent of ear mites within 30 days, often within one week.

·       Milbemycin/Praziquantel

(Milbemax).

Milbemycin/Praziquantel (Milbemax®) is used to control hookworm, roundworm, certain whipworm, and tapeworm infections in dogs and cats.

·       Minocycline

(Minocin®, Dynacin®).

Minocycline is an antibiotic of the tetracycline class. This drug is related to other tetracyclines such as doxycyline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline

·       Mirtazapine

(Remeron®, Soltab®).

Mirtazapine is used as an anti-nausea drug and/or appetite stimulant in dogs and cats.

·       Misoprostol

(Cytotec®).

Misoprostol inhibits stomach acid secretions and has a protective effect on blood flow and the lining of the stomach wall.

·       Mitotane

(Lysodren®, o’p’DDD).

Mitotane is a cytotoxic drug – one that kills cells. Mitotane has a predilection for killing cells in a particular zone of the adrenal gland, thereby reducing function of that part of the adrenal gland. This lowers the blood cortisol concentration.

treats canine hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing's disease

·       Morphine.

Morphine is a well-known drug used to alleviate pain. It is derived from the opium plant, which contains a natural occurring substance found to relieve pain.

Moxidectin

(Pro Heart®)    

Moxidectin is a parasite control drug. It affects the nervous system of parasites, leading to their death, but is considered non-toxic to mammals.

Naloxone

(Narcan®)    

Naloxone may be used safely to reverse the effects of opiate drugs, such as morphine. Importantly, naloxone has no sedative or pain-controlling properties of its own.

·       Natamycin

(Natacyn®).

Natamycin is an anti-fungal agent used to treat fungal keratitis. It is not as effective as an antibiotic.

·       Neomycin.

Biosol® and Neomix®

Neomycin antibiotic is effective against a wide range of bacteria in dogs and cats. It is most effective on bacteria in the intestinal tract and on the skin.

• class of drugs known as aminoglycosides. Other related drugs in this class include amikacin, tobramycin and kanamycin.

• Neomycin is not absorbed if it is administered orally or applied topically. Therefore its action is confined to only a local effect.

·       Neostigmine

(Prostigmine®).

Neostigmine is an anticholinesterase drug that is used for most commonly to stimulate muscle control.

·       Nitenpyram

(CAPSTAR®).

Nitenpyram is indicated for the treatment of ADULT flea infestation in puppies, dogs, kittens, and cats. Nitenpyram kills fleas rapidly and safely.

·       Nitroglycerine Paste

( Nitrol ®, Nitro-bid®).

Nitroglycerine is primarily used to help treat the condition congestive heart failure in dogs and cats. It is used in conjunction with diuretics to treat fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema) caused by heart failure.

·       Nitroprusside

(Nitropress®).

Nitroprusside is a potent intravenous drug used to control hypertension,  acute congestive heart failure, and blood pressure 

·       Nitroscanate

(Lopatol®).

The primary use of nitroscanate is the control and elimination of tapeworm infections, fluke, roundworm, and hookworm infections in dogs.

·       Nystatin

(Panalog®).

Nystatin is prescribed to treat or control infections caused by susceptible fungi (molds, yeast). It should be stressed that some fungi are resistant to the effects of the drug.

·       Oclacitinib

(Apoquel).

Oclacitinib (Apoquel) is a new drug on the market to control itching in dogs. Itching is commonly caused ty allergies. 

class of drugs called Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors.

biggest problem with this drug has been availability. 

·       Octreotide

(Sandostatin®).

Octreotide is a long-acting octapeptide with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin.

treat insulinomas and gastrinomas

It is a potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagons, and insulin; and suppresses TSH secretion and the LH response to GnRH..

·       Olsalazine

(Dipentum®).

Olsalazine sodium is used in dogs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

·       Omeprazole

(Prilosec®).

Omeprazole is used in the treatment and prevention of stomach and intestinal ulcers.

·       Ondansetron

(Zofran®).

Ondansetron is used as an anti-emetic, particularly to prevent severe vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

·       Ophthalmic Lubricant Ointments.

Ophthalmic lubricant ointments are used to soothe irritated and inflamed eyes and to protect exposed eyes. They are also used to prevent drying of the cornea in animals under sedation or general anesthesia.

·       Orbifloxacin

(Orbax®).

Orbifloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections in animals caused by susceptible bacteria.

·       Oxazepam

(Serax®).

Oxazepam is a sedative and depresses the brain. The drug is similar to diazepam (Valium).

Oxymorphone Hydrochloride

(Numorphan®).    

Oxymorphone hydrochloride is a painkilling drug chemically similar to morphine, but 10 times more powerful.

·       Oxytetracycline

(Terramycin®, Liquamycin®).

Oxytetracycline is used in both dogs and cats to treat bacterial infections, including respiratory infections of the sinuses, wound infections, pneumonia, infections of the oral cavity and infections of the blood cells.

·       Oxytocin.

The primary use of oxytocin is to induce labor in animals having weak or no contractions. The drug enhances uterine contractions at the time of fetal delivery.

·       Pancrelipase

(Viokase®, Pancrezyme®).

Pancrelipase is a product made from the pancreas of pigs. It is primarily composed of pancreatic enzymes, particularly the enzymes lipase and amylase 

 used in dogs and cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) to help them digest food.  

·       Paroxetine

(Paxil®).

Behavioral disorders