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Vet assist 4 sem 2 exam review
Hillsborough County Vet 4 semester exam review
53
Veterinary Medicine
10th Grade
05/16/2012

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Host
Definition
an animal from which a parasitic organism derives nourishment
Term
Parasite
Definition
organism that lives on or within another organism and derives nourishment from the host
Term
Parasitology
Definition
the study of organisms that live on or in other organisms to survive
Term
Protozoan
Definition
a single celled, living organism.  Some are parasitic and may live inside or outside the body.  Most of them feed off of dead or decaying matter and cause infection in animals that might ingest them.
Term
Rickettsia
Definition

an organism needs to be in a living cell to reproduce? They are spread by biting insects like fleas and ticks.

Term
What is the common name for the following parasites(Ancylostoma caninum)? 
Definition
Hookworm
Term
What is the common name for the following parasites(Dipylidium caninum &Taenia sp.)? 
Definition
 Tapeworms
Term
What is the common name for the following parasites(Dirofilaria immitis)? 
Definition
Heartworm
Term

What is the common name for the following parasites(Iospora canis)? 

Definition
Coccidia
Term
What is the common name for the following parasites(Toxascaris leonine, Toxocara (both canis and cati), & Parascaris equorum)? 
Definition

Roundworm

Term

What is the common name for the following parasites(Trichuris vulpis)? 

Definition
Whipworm
Term
Describe what roundworm eggs look like when viewed under a microscope?
Definition

Large circular shaped objects with dark circular centers

Term
What are common signs in small animals infected with roundworm?
Definition

Vomiting, diarrhea, bloated stomach appearance, and sometimes visible 3 to 5 inch worms in the feces

Term
What are the common signs for large animal infected with roundworm?
Definition

Abdominal pain, coughing, diarrhea, and sometimes visible 3 to 5 inchworms in the feces.

Term
What parasite can cause a skin disease in humans called cutaneous larval migrans as well as an intestinal infection in humans?
Definition
Hookworms
Term
What parasite occurs mostly in dogs and gets its name from the shape of the adult parasite? 
Definition
Whipworms= the front end of the worm is thin and the back end of the worm is thick, similar to a whip handle. They live in the large intestine of infected animals.
Term
How are each of the following parasites spread (heartworm, roundworm, & whipworm)?
Definition

Heartworm by mosquitoes, Roundworms and whipworms by fecal oral route

Term
What parasite is also called ascarids and is the most common intestinal parasite?
Definition

Roundworms=they live in the small intestine of animals.

Term
What signs does an animal infected with whipworms exhibit?
Definition

Diarrhea, weight loss, possible blood in the feces, and anemia.  The parasite is not visible in the feces.  The eggs when viewed under a microscope are football shaped.

Term
This parasite has either teeth-like structures or cutting plates with which they use to attach themselves to the wall of the intestines and feed on the host’s blood.  They live in the small intestine of their host.
Definition

Hookworms

Term
What parasite are segmented flat worms, meaning that they have individual parts that grow and shed called proglotids? 
Definition
 Tapeworms
Term
Animals infected with hookworms show what signs?
Definition

Vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, weakness, black-tarry stool, and a dull coat and sometimes cough.  They are not visible in feces. Eggs when viewed under a microscope are oval and clear with small circular clumps inside.

Term
 Which parasite is spread by mosquitoes?
Definition
Heartworm
Term
What parasite comes in two varieties- Large and small both are common parasites of large animals?
Definition

Strongyles

Term
Dogs infected with heartworms might show what signs? 
Definition

Exercise intolerance, difficulty breathing, coughing, decreased appetite, weight loss, and lethargy.  Cats infected may show similar signs as dogs or may show no signs and may die suddenly.

Term
. What is a protozoan parasite that occurs in all mammals? They live in the intestinal tract and infected animals may show no signs of infection or may develop chronic diarrhea and blood and mucous in their stool.  Oocysts when viewed under a microscope appear as small circular.
Definition
Coccidian
Term
Large strongyles are a group of internal parasites also know as bloodworms or redworms.  The larvae mature in the intestinal tract and borrow out into the blood vessels.  What signs do infected animals show? 
Definition

Weight loss, anemia and abdominal pain and in extreme cases sudden death.  The eggs viewed under a microscope appear as large, long oval shapes. 

Term
How do Small strongyles differ from the large strongyles? 
Definition
They do not migrate through tissue. Their larvae maybe encysted and lay dormant.  Animal infected show diarrhea, weight loss, poor growth, poor coat and abdomen pain.
Term
What are the common symptoms of Giardia in both humans and animals?
Definition

Diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and overall poor appearance.

Term
Define and give examples of external parasites.
Definition

Parasite that may live in the hair coat, on the skin, or within the ear canals of an animal.  There are several types which infect both small and large animals including: mites, fleas, ticks, lice and biting flies.

Term
How can fleas be detected on an animal? 
Definition

by seeing the actual parasite or finding black to brown small particles that look like dirt, but is actually the feces of the parasite and will turn red to brown in color if you apply a drop of water to it.

Term
Flea infestations can cause what health issues for animals?
Definition

FAD- flea allergy dermatitis, Anemia, Bartonella and Plague

Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Ehrlichia, Lyme disease, and Babesia are all transmitted by what? 
Definition
Tick
Term
What do lice look like? 
Definition

This parasite has several varieties, but most are species specific. They are usually gray to light beige in color and are wingless parasites that are about 1/12 of an inch in length.  They are very small but can be seen with the naked eye.

Term
What tiny microscopic organisms resemble ticks when viewed under a microscope? The most common forms are found in the ear or skin and cause mange (Sarcoptic or Demodectic).
Definition
Mite
Term
How often should large and small animals be dewormed? 
Definition

?  Large animals should be dewormed every 6-8 weeks due to the increased exposure to parasites when grazing.   Small animals should be dewormed at least yearly or when recommended by the vet.

Term
the same basic dewormers can be used in all areas and for all animal species? Why or Why not? 
Definition

NO, Dewormers should be given according to the common parasites found in your area and common to the species of animal. Be aware that either over the counter or prescription dewormers will not kill parasites so you must treat specifically for the parasites present.   All animals should receive regular fecal analysis to determine what type of parasite if   any an animal has.

Term
What will help to reduce parasite problems? 
Definition

Regular physical exams and fecal testing with good sanitation and removal of feces, keep living areas well drained and avoid overcrowding, & use a feeder to avoid ground feeding

Term
Describe Toxoplasma gondii and what precautions should be taken to avoid getting it?
Definition

A single celled organism that can occur in all mammals, but the only definitive host that sheds the oocysts in their feces is cats.  It is contracted by contact with infected cat feces (usually from stray cats feces in garden areas or sandboxes), from handing raw or undercooked meat.  It can cause abortion or birth defects in humans, so it is recommended that pregnant woman do not clean the litter box if possible (wear gloves if must) and wear gloves when gardening or handling raw meat.  Pregnant women DO NOT have to give their cats away due to the possibility of contracting toxoplasmosis because the risk is very low for strictly indoor cats to carry the parasite.

Term

What is the best way to prevent dogs and cats from being infected with tapeworms?

Definition

Eliminate fleas

Term

Give an example of mechanical parasite control.

Definition

Using a flea comb to remove fleas

Term
Define anemia and list two possible causes.
Definition

Low red blood cell count that can be caused by the continual loss of blood from parasites feeding on a host animal or injury

 

Term
List possible zoonotic parasites
Definition

giardia, ringworm, hookworm, roundworm and toxoplasmosis

Term
Describe tapeworms and how a pet might contract them.   
Definition

Pets can get this parasite from eating a rodent or ingesting a flea carrying an immature worm.  They appear as small, white, rice like segment around your pet’s anus or on feces.  These segments are passed intermittently so it may be difficult to diagnose from a single fecal exam. 

Term

Describe the following parasites and the symptoms they cause.

Coccidia

Definition
is a protozoan.  It is microscopic.  An infected animal may show no symptoms at all or may have strong smelling stool with mucus and blood in it.  The parasite causes vomiting, fever, diarrhea, weight loss and loss of appetite. 
Term

 Describe the following parasites and the symptoms they cause.

Heartworm

Definition

is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito; this dangerous parasite lives in the dog’s heart or near it in major blood vessels.  It can be fatal.  Infection causes heart or lung damage, coughing, lethargy, and fatigue.  A blood test must be performed for diagnosis.  Animals should be placed on a monthly preventative.

Term

Describe the following parasites and the symptoms they cause.

Hookworm

Definition
fasten itself onto the intestinal wall where it absorbs blood and nutrients.  This infection can cause lethargy, anemia, poor appetite and black tarry stools containing blood.  The worm is very small and probably will not be visible to the naked eye.
Term

Describe the following parasites and the symptoms they cause.

Roundworms

Definition
may cause weight loss, stunted growth, vomiting, weakness, diarrhea, or mucus in the stool.  It may also cause a pot-belled appearance.  However, mild infections may not show any symptoms.  The parasite appears as thin, spaghetti-like, 3 to 5 inch worm in the stool.
Term

Which microscope objective should be used to read a fecal float test slide?

To read a gram stain slide for bacterial morphology?

Definition

10x- lower power.

100x- high power

Term
What is the most common way to obtain feces for a fecal? 
Definition

By collecting feces from the ground or litter box after the animal has defecated.

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